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Biology Cells > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Active Transport

A

Movement of materials across membranes by using energy

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2
Q

Cell

A

The basic building block of every living thing - can have different functions eg skin cell vs liver cell

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3
Q

DNA Replication

A

The process of replicating every chromosome in the nucleus in preparation for mitosis aka making more cells

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4
Q

Double Helix

A

the spiral shape of DNA

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5
Q

Enzymes

A

Biological catalysts, which speed up the reaction inside of cells

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6
Q

Active Site

A

The “pocket” in the surface of an enzyme where the substrate binds

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7
Q

Substrate

A

The thing that binds to the enzyme’s active site and is converted into something else

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8
Q

Mitosis

A

The process of splitting one cell into two indentical cells (cloning)

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9
Q

Rate limiting factor

A

The reactant that is present in the smallest amount and therefore stops the rate of reaction from increasing beyond a certain point

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10
Q

Organelles

A

The “machinery” inside of cells which enables them to carry out their life processes

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11
Q

Cell membrane

A

A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell and determines what can get in and out of a cell

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12
Q

Cell wall

A

A rigid structure that wraps around the outside of the cell membrane to give plants a rigid structure and structure

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13
Q

Chloroplasts

A

The organelle where photosythesis is carried out (only in plants)

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14
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A green pigment found in thylakoids that traps sunlight to provide the energy for photosynthesis

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15
Q

Grana

A

Stacks of thylakoids inside the stroma

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16
Q

Stroma

A

The liquid-filled space inside the inner membrane of chloroplasts

17
Q

Thylakoids

A

Sacs covered in chlorophyll to trap light for photosynthesis

18
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The jelly-like, nutrient-rich substance which fills up cells

19
Q

Mitochondria

A

The organelle where aerobic respiration is carried out in the cell

20
Q

Cristae

A

The wiggly inner membrane of mitochondria (wiggles increase the surface area to make the reactions go faster)

21
Q

Matrix

A

The liquid - filled space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria, contains enzymes to make respiration go faster

22
Q

Nucleus

A

The “control centre” of the cell, containing the cell’s DNA

23
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of all materials across cell membranes without the use of energy/ATP

24
Q

Diffusion

A

The PASSIVE movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down its concentration gradient

25
Q

Faciliated diffusion

A

Diffusion of large or larger charged molecules through channels inserted in the membranes of cells

26
Q

Osmosis

A

The PASSIVE movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

27
Q

Solute

A

A substance that is dissolved in water

28
Q

Photosythesis

A

The process of using light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose for the plant to use as fuel

29
Q

Light - dependent phase of photosynthesis

A

The first stage of photosythesis (the splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen)

30
Q

Light - independent phase of photosynthesis

A

The second stage of photosythesis (the production of glucose from hydrogen and carbon dioxide)

31
Q

Respiration

A

The process of reacting glucose with oxygen to produce ATP as energy for the cell, to enable it to be able to carry out its life processes

32
Q

ATP

A

A form of energy that cells can use

33
Q

Rate limiting factor

A

The reactant that is present in the smallest amount and therefore stops the rate of reaction from increasing beyond a certain point

34
Q

Nucleotide

A

A group of a sugar, a phosphate and a base (A, C, T or G)

35
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

carbon dioxide + water –> oxygen + glucose

36
Q

aerobic respiration equation

A

glucose + oxygen –> water + CO2 + ATP

37
Q

anaerobic respiration equation

A

glucose –> carbon dioxide + lactic acid OR alchol (depending on the cell)

Biology Cells (1 decks)

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