Cells

Question 1

What is a prokaryotic cell and what does it contain

Answer 1

A prokaryotic cell is the cell of bacteria or sperm it contains a plasmids (DNA and can replicate) it also contains flagella (Helps the bacteria move) and finally it contains cytoplasm for reactions

Question 2

What is mitochondria

Answer 2

They generate most the chemical energy needed to power a cell and they store it as ATP

Question 3

What are ribosomes

Answer 3

They are the structure where protein synthesis takes place
It is made of RNA and protein

Question 4

What is a light microscope

Answer 4

It passes light through a specimen and crates a magnified image with lenses
It has a better resolution than the human eye and magnification goes from 100 to 400

Question 5

What is an electron microscope

Answer 5

Electrons are passed through the specimen instead of light it has a better magnification of 500,000 and has a much better resolution

Question 6

How do you work out magnification

Answer 6

Magnification= image size / actual size

Question 7

What is a eukaryotic cell

Answer 7

Animal and cell plants they all contain cell membrane, mitochondrion, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole,

Question 8

What is chloroplast

Answer 8

It is a plasmid that contains chlorophyll and is where photosynthesis takes place

Question 9

What is DNA

Answer 9

DNA is a polymer consisting of 2 long strads that consist of nucleotides

Question 10

What’s a nucleotide

Answer 10

It is made up of a sugar a phosphate and a base and is in the DNA strand

Question 11

What is a polymer

Answer 11

Polymers are very large chain like molecules and they are strong due to covalent bonds

Question 12

What are the base pairs

Answer 12

C-G
A-T
And A-U in RNA

Question 13

What is 1cm in mm, um and nm

Answer 13

Mm- 10
Um- 10,000
Nm- 10,000,000

Question 14

How many chromotids do you inherit from 1 parent

Answer 14

23 from mom
23 from dad
46 in total

Question 15

How do you find the DNA of strawberries

Answer 15

You can find the DNA by squashing the strawberries and adding buffer solution (dish soap, salt and water) and ethanol then you squish the strawberries around. We then got tiny white particles floating to the top this was the DNA

Question 16

What can iodine be used to see

Answer 16

It can see onion cells and starch in plants

Question 17

What does cytoplasm do

Answer 17

It allows growth movement repair and replication.
It is also where chemical reactions take place

Question 18

Explain protein synthesis

Answer 18

DNA unwinds and unzips, this leaves it exposed so an enzyme can come and copy the DNA.
After it is scanned new basses will form this is mRNA (this is only 1 strand)

In mRNA T is replaced by U (uracil)

The mRNA then attaches to a ribosome which reads the nucleotides on the mRNA in groups of 3 eg: AGU (triplet codon)

This allows a new molecule tRNA (anti codon) to attach to the complementary triplet codon and become an amino acid which when joined with other amino acids you make a protein

3 bases (triplet codon) —- 1 amino acid —– protein

Question 19

What are enzymes

Answer 19

Enzymes are biological catalysts made up of protein and speed up reactions similar to a lock a key

The active site is where the reaction takes place

An enzyme pairs with the substrate to make a complimentary pair

Question 20

Why does temp effect enzyme activity

Answer 20

Temp effects enzyme activity as the enzyme will perform better as temp increases until optimal temp is reached then enzyme activity rapidly decreases as temp increases

Question 21

Why does PH effect enzyme activity

Answer 21

At either end of the pH scale enzyme activity is minimal the optimum level is neutral (6 7 8) after this is reached and the PH changes the rate of activity decreases fast

Question 22

Explain how mitochondrion converts glucose to ATP

Answer 22

Mitochondrion have an inner membrane where enzymes are embedded. The membrane is highly folded to increase surface area

Question 23

What’s the equation for respiration

Answer 23

Glucose + oxygen ——– carbon dioxide + water + ATP

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —- 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 24

What is aerobic respiration

Answer 24

Glucose + oxygen ——- carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 25

What is anaerobic respiration

Answer 25

Glucose —- latic acid + water + energy