Cells

Question 1

What is the Cell Membrane?

Answer 1

• A protective lipid bilayer surrounding each cell
• Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Question 2

What is a Centriole?

Answer 2

• Are bundles of microtubules that play a role in organizing the movement of chromosomes during cell division

Question 3

What is a Lysosome?

Answer 3

• Are small vesicles that contain enzymes and chemicals that help digest material brought into the cell
• Also break down old or nonfunctioning organelles
• Are formed by the Golgi apparatus

Question 4

What is a Mitochondrion?

Answer 4

• The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell that converts nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell
• Contain their own DNA and may once have been independent bacteria

Question 5

What is a Ribosome?

Answer 5

• Found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum and throughout the cytoplasm
• These tiny structures are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 6

What is a Vacuole?

Answer 6

• A type of vesicle that stores water, salts, carbohydrates, and proteins
• Play a role in removing waste products from the cell

Question 7

What is a Vesicle?

Answer 7

• Small, saclike structures created by the Golgi Apparatus
• Store and deliver nutrients and proteins throughout the cell
• Also transport nutrients and proteins out of the cell through the cell membrane
• Include vacuoles and lysosomes

Question 8

What is the Cell Wall?

Answer 8

• The porous outermost layer that surrounds the cell membrane
• Plays a role in protecting and supporting the cell
• Is made up of layers that can be flexible and elastic or rigid and woody

Question 9

What is a Chloroplast?

Answer 9

• An organelle that converts the radiant energy of the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the Cytoplasm?

Answer 10

• The jelly like substance that’s composed mostly of water that lies between the nucleus and the cell membrane

Question 11

What is the Cytoskeleton

Question 12

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 13

What is the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

• A stack of membranes that collect and modify chemical compounds
• Packages compounds to be used in other parts of the cell or exported outside the cell.

Question 14

What is the Nuclear Membrane?

Answer 14

• A double layer membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus of the cell.
• Pores in the membrane which allow molecules to move in and out of the nucleus

Question 15

What is the Nucleolus?

Answer 15

• Found inside the nucleus, this organelle contains RNA and synthesizes ribosomes

Question 16

What is the Nucleus?

Answer 16

• The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA and regulates gene expression

Question 17

What is a Plastid?

Answer 17

• Organelles that carry out many functions in plant cells, including photosynthesis (chloroplasts), pigment synthesis and storage (chromoplasts), and food storage (leucoplasts)
• Like mitochondria, they contain their own DNA

Question 18

What is the Capsule?

Answer 18

• The outermost layer of a bacterial cell
• Protects a bacterial cell in many ways
• Prevents harmful materials from entering, keeps the cell from drying out, and helps to defend the cell from being engulfed by white blood cells

Question 19

What is the Flagellum?

Answer 19

• A hair like organelle the cell uses for movement
• When the organelle makes a whipping motion, the bacterial cell moves forwards

Question 20

What is the Pilus?

Answer 20

• Are hair like structures found on the cell surface
• Help attach bacteria to other surfaces
• Some of them transfer genetic material between bacterial cells

Question 21

What is the Plasmid?

Answer 21

• A small circular piece of DNA
• Are independent from the genetic material in the nucleoid
• Usually have genes that provide the bacteria with an advantage, like antibiotic resistance

Question 22

What is the Nucleoid?

Answer 22

• A region inside the the bacteria cell that holds most of the genetic material
• Unlike in plant and animal cells, it is not surrounded by a membrane