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Biology Yr 10 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Transcription?

A

Transcription is the process by which the code contained in the DNA is transcribed (rewritten) into a mRNA molecule.

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2
Q

What is Translation

A

the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA) to the ribosomes.

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3
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of Protein Synthesis

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA and controls cell function

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5
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Transports materials for the production of proteins at the ribosomes.

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6
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Transports materials for the production of lipids

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7
Q

Meiosis

A

is a special type of cell division that produces sex cells (gametes).

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8
Q

Mitosis

A

Mitosis is cell division for most cells in the human body. This process results in two daughter cells identical to the parent cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis has four stages; prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

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9
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Packages proteins into vesicles.

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration.

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11
Q

Chloroplast

A

The site of photosynthesis

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12
Q

mRNA

A

it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

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13
Q

tRNA

A

carry amino acids to the ribosome and join with their complementary codons.

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14
Q

Organelles

A

A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.

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15
Q

Nucleotide

A

Organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

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16
Q

Triplet

A

A series of three nucleotides that determine a single amino acid.

17
Q

Codon

A

A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.

18
Q

What is prophase

A

The double stranded chromosomes condense and the nucleus dissolves.

19
Q

Anti Codon

A

A three nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.

20
Q

What is Metaphase

A

The double stranded chromosomes line up in the centre of the dividing cell.

21
Q

Amino Acid

A

The makeup of a protein.

22
Q

What is anaphase

A

The double stranded chromosomes pull away from each other and get pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

23
Q

What is telophase

A

the final stage of cell division in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus forms around each set of daughter chromosomes.

24
Q

hat is a gamete

A

The reproductive cell within an animal. In females it is known as the egg cell, and in men it is known as the sperm cell. Each cell only carries one copy of each chromosome.

25
Q

What are the 5 common nitrogenous bases?

A

Adenine
Guamine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil

26
Q

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

A
  1. Phosphate
  2. Sugar (DNA-deoxyribose)(RNA-ribo)
  3. Nitrogenous base
27
Q

Cell membrane function

A

regulates transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.

28
Q

Cell Wall function

A

provides structure, support and protection for the cell.

29
Q

Nucleus function

A

controls and regulates the activities of the cell

30
Q

Cytosol function

A

helps break down waste products, and moves material around the cell

31
Q

Mitochondria function

A

generates most of the chemical energy required to power the cells biomechanical reactions

32
Q

Vacuole function

A

helps isolate waste products

33
Q

Chloroplast function

A

produces energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes

34
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the genetic information of the cell, stored in the nucleus

Biology Yr 10 (3 decks)

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