Cells Flashcards
What is Transcription?
Transcription is the process by which the code contained in the DNA is transcribed (rewritten) into a mRNA molecule.
What is Translation
the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA) to the ribosomes.
Ribosomes
Site of Protein Synthesis
Nucleus
Contains DNA and controls cell function
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports materials for the production of proteins at the ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports materials for the production of lipids
Meiosis
is a special type of cell division that produces sex cells (gametes).
Mitosis
Mitosis is cell division for most cells in the human body. This process results in two daughter cells identical to the parent cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Mitosis has four stages; prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Golgi Apparatus
Packages proteins into vesicles.
Mitochondria
The site of aerobic respiration.
Chloroplast
The site of photosynthesis
mRNA
it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
tRNA
carry amino acids to the ribosome and join with their complementary codons.
Organelles
A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.
Nucleotide
Organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
Triplet
A series of three nucleotides that determine a single amino acid.
Codon
A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.
What is prophase
The double stranded chromosomes condense and the nucleus dissolves.
Anti Codon
A three nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.
What is Metaphase
The double stranded chromosomes line up in the centre of the dividing cell.
Amino Acid
The makeup of a protein.
What is anaphase
The double stranded chromosomes pull away from each other and get pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
What is telophase
the final stage of cell division in which the spindle disappears and the nucleus forms around each set of daughter chromosomes.
hat is a gamete
The reproductive cell within an animal. In females it is known as the egg cell, and in men it is known as the sperm cell. Each cell only carries one copy of each chromosome.
What are the 5 common nitrogenous bases?
Adenine
Guamine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
- Phosphate
- Sugar (DNA-deoxyribose)(RNA-ribo)
- Nitrogenous base
Cell membrane function
regulates transport of materials entering and exiting the cell.
Cell Wall function
provides structure, support and protection for the cell.
Nucleus function
controls and regulates the activities of the cell
Cytosol function
helps break down waste products, and moves material around the cell
Mitochondria function
generates most of the chemical energy required to power the cells biomechanical reactions
Vacuole function
helps isolate waste products
Chloroplast function
produces energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the genetic information of the cell, stored in the nucleus
