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cells Flashcards

1
Q

types of cells

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

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2
Q

Prokaryotic?

A
  • No true nucleus
  • Genetic material usually consisting of DNA that is not enclosed in a nucleus
  • no membrane bound organelles
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3
Q

Eukaryotic?

A
  • Has a true nucleus containing genetic information in the for of DNA
  • Membrane bound organelles
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4
Q

State the cell theory

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
  3. All cells arise form preexisting cells
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5
Q

cell definition

A

The cell is the smallest unit from which all organisms are made

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6
Q

what features are common to ALL cells

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • DNA/genetic material
  • Enzymes involved in respiration
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7
Q

magnification of a light microscope?

A

1500

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8
Q

magnification of an electron microscope?

A

500,000

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9
Q

organelles that can be seen with a light microscope

A

cell wall
nucleus
vacuole
cytoplasm
cell membrane
chloroplast

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10
Q

Organelles that can be seen only with an electron microscope

A

ribosomes
vesicles
mitochondria

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11
Q

function of cytoplasm

A

Site of metabolic reactions

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12
Q

function of cell membrane

A
  • A partially permeable structure that controls the entry and exit of substances in a cell
  • It forms a barrier which separates the cell from its surroundings
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13
Q

function of ribosomes

A
  • Present in all cells
  • Site of protein synthesis
  • Scattered around the cytoplasm
  • Can be bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum
  • Uses information carried by the chromosomes to amke these proteins
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14
Q

function of chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis- Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis in the plant

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15
Q

function of vaccuole

A

permanent structures in the plant cells that contain cell sap to maintain the shape of the cell

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16
Q

function of vesicle

A

Smaller membrane bound spaces in the animal cell that may contain food or water

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17
Q

function of mitochondria

A
  • found in all cells ** correct
  • site for aerobic respiration
  • Cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of mitochondria to provide sufficient energy
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18
Q

function of nucleus

A

contains genetic information in the form of DNA

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19
Q

what organelles are present in a bacteria cell?

A
  • plasmid
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • flagella
  • capsule
  • cell wall (peptidoglycan)
  • ribosomes
  • circular DNA - no nucleus (not membrane bound bc it is Prokaryotic)
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20
Q

Function of plasmid

A

Plasmid is a small circular molecules of DNA found in many prokaryotic cells in addition to the larger main circle of DNA

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21
Q

Function of flagella

A

Helps with movement in the bacteria cell

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22
Q

what organelles are not present in bacteria

A

mitochondria
nucleus
chloroplast
vesicles
vacuole

23
Q

what is a unicellular organism

A

An organisms made up of a single cell for example yeast and bacteria

24
Q

what is a multicellular organism

A

An organism that is made up of millions of cells for example humans plants

25
list all the specialised cells
- ciliated cells - neurones - RBC - palisade mesophyll - root hair cell - egg and sperm cells
26
define an electron micrograph
an image made with an electron microscope
27
define a cell membrane
a very thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm of every cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell
28
define the term "partially permeable"
It only allows some molecules or ions to pass through but not others
29
define the cell wall
a tough layer outside the cell membrane; found in plants, bacteria and fungi cells
30
define the term "fully permeable"
It allows all molecules and ions to pass through
31
define the cytoplasm
Its a jelly like material that fills a cell
32
define metabolic reactions
chemical reactions that take place in all living organisms
33
Define vacuole
A fluid filled space inside the cell; separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane
34
define cell sap
the fluid that fills the large vacuole in plant cells
35
define vesicle
A very small vacuole
36
define chloroplast
small structures found in some plant cells inside which photosynthesis takes place
37
define Starch grains
tiny pieces of starch made up of thousands of starch molecules that are stored in some plant cells
38
Define the nucleus
A structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes
39
Define a chromosome
A chromosome is a thread like structure made up of DNA. it carries genetic information in the form of genes
40
define DNA
A biomolecule (a chemical found in living organisms) - it is the genetic material in most organisms
41
Define Mitochondrion
A small structure in the cell where aerobic respiration releases energy from glucose
42
Define aerobic respiration
Chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria, which use oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrient molecules to release energy for the cell to use
43
Define ribosomes
very small structures in cells that use information on DNA to make protein molecules
44
Define bacteria
unicellular organisms whose cells that do not contain a nucleus
45
Define prokaryotic
Cells with no nucleus; bacteria have prokaryotic cells
46
Define plasmids
Small circular molecules of DNA found in many Prokaryotic cells in addition to the main much large circle of DNA
47
Define tissue
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function
48
Define organ
A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function
49
Define organ system
A group of related organs that work together to perform body functions
50
Define magnification
how many times larger an image is than the actual object
51
list 3 similarities between bacteria, plant and animal cells
- cell membrane - cytoplasm - ribosomes
52
list 5 differences between bacteria, plant and animal cells
A&P= true nucleus B=no true nucleus B&P=cell wall A=no cell wall B=flagella A&P=no flagella A=vesicle P&B=vacuole P&A=membrane bound organelles B=no membrane bound organelles P=chloroplast A&B= no chloroplast
53
what is the cell membrane made of?
proteins and fats

Bio (3 decks)

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