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cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

types of cells

A

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic

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2
Q

Prokaryotic?

A
  • No true nucleus
  • Genetic material usually consisting of DNA that is not enclosed in a nucleus
  • no membrane bound organelles
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3
Q

Eukaryotic?

A
  • Has a true nucleus containing genetic information in the for of DNA
  • Membrane bound organelles
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4
Q

State the cell theory

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
  3. All cells arise form preexisting cells
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5
Q

cell definition

A

The cell is the smallest unit from which all organisms are made

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6
Q

what features are common to ALL cells

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • DNA/genetic material
  • Enzymes involved in respiration
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7
Q

magnification of a light microscope?

A

1500

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8
Q

magnification of an electron microscope?

A

500,000

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9
Q

organelles that can be seen with a light microscope

A

cell wall
nucleus
vacuole
cytoplasm
cell membrane
chloroplast

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10
Q

Organelles that can be seen only with an electron microscope

A

ribosomes
vesicles
mitochondria

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11
Q

function of cytoplasm

A

Site of metabolic reactions

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12
Q

function of cell membrane

A
  • A partially permeable structure that controls the entry and exit of substances in a cell
  • It forms a barrier which separates the cell from its surroundings
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13
Q

function of ribosomes

A
  • Present in all cells
  • Site of protein synthesis
  • Scattered around the cytoplasm
  • Can be bound to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum
  • Uses information carried by the chromosomes to amke these proteins
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14
Q

function of chloroplast

A

Site of photosynthesis- Contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis in the plant

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15
Q

function of vaccuole

A

permanent structures in the plant cells that contain cell sap to maintain the shape of the cell

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16
Q

function of vesicle

A

Smaller membrane bound spaces in the animal cell that may contain food or water

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17
Q

function of mitochondria

A
  • found in all cells ** correct
  • site for aerobic respiration
  • Cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of mitochondria to provide sufficient energy
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18
Q

function of nucleus

A

contains genetic information in the form of DNA

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19
Q

what organelles are present in a bacteria cell?

A
  • plasmid
  • cytoplasm
  • cell membrane
  • flagella
  • capsule
  • cell wall (peptidoglycan)
  • ribosomes
  • circular DNA - no nucleus (not membrane bound bc it is Prokaryotic)
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20
Q

Function of plasmid

A

Plasmid is a small circular molecules of DNA found in many prokaryotic cells in addition to the larger main circle of DNA

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21
Q

Function of flagella

A

Helps with movement in the bacteria cell

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22
Q

what organelles are not present in bacteria

A

mitochondria
nucleus
chloroplast
vesicles
vacuole

23
Q

what is a unicellular organism

A

An organisms made up of a single cell for example yeast and bacteria

24
Q

what is a multicellular organism

A

An organism that is made up of millions of cells for example humans plants

25
Q

list all the specialised cells

A
  • ciliated cells
  • neurones
  • RBC
  • palisade mesophyll
  • root hair cell
  • egg and sperm cells
26
Q

define an electron micrograph

A

an image made with an electron microscope

27
Q

define a cell membrane

A

a very thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm of every cell; it controls what enters and leaves the cell

28
Q

define the term “partially permeable”

A

It only allows some molecules or ions to pass through but not others

29
Q

define the cell wall

A

a tough layer outside the cell membrane; found in plants, bacteria and fungi cells

30
Q

define the term “fully permeable”

A

It allows all molecules and ions to pass through

31
Q

define the cytoplasm

A

Its a jelly like material that fills a cell

32
Q

define metabolic reactions

A

chemical reactions that take place in all living organisms

33
Q

Define vacuole

A

A fluid filled space inside the cell; separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane

34
Q

define cell sap

A

the fluid that fills the large vacuole in plant cells

35
Q

define vesicle

A

A very small vacuole

36
Q

define chloroplast

A

small structures found in some plant cells inside which photosynthesis takes place

37
Q

define Starch grains

A

tiny pieces of starch made up of thousands of starch molecules that are stored in some plant cells

38
Q

Define the nucleus

A

A structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes

39
Q

Define a chromosome

A

A chromosome is a thread like structure made up of DNA. it carries genetic information in the form of genes

40
Q

define DNA

A

A biomolecule (a chemical found in living organisms) - it is the genetic material in most organisms

41
Q

Define Mitochondrion

A

A small structure in the cell where aerobic respiration releases energy from glucose

42
Q

Define aerobic respiration

A

Chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria, which use oxygen to break down glucose and other nutrient molecules to release energy for the cell to use

43
Q

Define ribosomes

A

very small structures in cells that use information on DNA to make protein molecules

44
Q

Define bacteria

A

unicellular organisms whose cells that do not contain a nucleus

45
Q

Define prokaryotic

A

Cells with no nucleus; bacteria have prokaryotic cells

46
Q

Define plasmids

A

Small circular molecules of DNA found in many Prokaryotic cells in addition to the main much large circle of DNA

47
Q

Define tissue

A

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function

48
Q

Define organ

A

A group of tissues working together to perform a particular function

49
Q

Define organ system

A

A group of related organs that work together to perform body functions

50
Q

Define magnification

A

how many times larger an image is than the actual object

51
Q

list 3 similarities between bacteria, plant and animal cells

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
52
Q

list 5 differences between bacteria, plant and animal cells

A

A&P= true nucleus B=no true nucleus

B&P=cell wall A=no cell wall

B=flagella A&P=no flagella

A=vesicle P&B=vacuole

P&A=membrane bound organelles B=no membrane bound organelles

P=chloroplast A&B= no chloroplast

53
Q

what is the cell membrane made of?

A

proteins and fats

Bio (3 decks)

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