Cells

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

The cells flexible outer surface.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

All cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

The fluid portion of cytoplasm. Also known as ICF (intracellular fluid).

Question 4

Organelles

Answer 4

Little organs. Each organelle has a characteristic shape and specific functions.

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

A large organelle that houses most of a cell’s DNA.

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

A single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins.

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

Hereditary units that control most aspects of cellular structure and function.

Question 8

Phospholipid

Answer 8

Structural framework of the plasma membrane. Two back-to-back layers of fat molecules that contain phosphorous. Head hydrophilic, tail hydrophobic.

Question 9

Glycocalyx

Answer 9

A sugary coat formed by glycolipids and glycoproteins. Acts like a molecular signature.

Question 10

Diffusion

Answer 10

A passive process in which the random mixing of particles in a solution occurs because of the particles kinetic energy.

Question 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 11

A passive process where an integral membrane protein assists a specific substance across the membrane.

Question 12

Osmosis

Answer 12

A type of diffusion in which there is net movement of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 13

Active Transport

Answer 13

An active transport where energy is required for carrier proteins to move solutes across the membrane.

Question 14

Vesicle

Answer 14

A small, spherical sac organelle that transports substances from one structure to another within cells.

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

An active process in which materials in a vesicle formed from the plasma membrane move INTO a cell.

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

An active process in which materials in a vesicle formed by the plasma membrane move OUT of a cell.

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

A network of protein filaments throughout the cytosol that contribute to the cells structure. Three types: microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules.

Question 18

Microvilli

Answer 18

Small fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane that greatly increase the surface area of the cell and increase absorption.

Question 19

Cilia

Answer 19

A short hair like organelle that moves fluids along a cells’ surface.

Question 20

Flagella

Answer 20

A much longer version of a cilium, but this organelle moves an entire cell. Only example: sperm.

Question 21

Ribosomes

Answer 21

Organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis.

Question 22

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 22

A network of flattened membranes studded with ribosomes. Responsible for synthesis of glycoproteins.

Question 23

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 23

A network of flattened membranes. Responsible for synthesis of fatty acids and steroids such as oestrogen and testosterone.

Question 24

Golgi Complex

Answer 24

An organelle made of small, flattened membranous sacs. Modifies and packages proteins for secretion from cell or incorporation into lysosomes.

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

Membrane enclosed vesicles that form from the Golgi complex. Contain powerful digestive enzymes that break down old organelles once fused with a vesicle during endocytosis.

Question 26

Mitochondria

Answer 26

Powerhouse of the cell. These generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through reactions of aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 27

Apoptosis

Answer 27

The orderly, genetically programmed death of a cell.

Question 28

Nucleoli/Nucleolus

Answer 28

Spherical bodies inside the nucleus. Function is to produce ribosomes.

Question 29

Chromatin

Answer 29

A complex of DNA, RNA and some proteins.

Question 30

Transcription

Answer 30

A process that occurs in the nucleus where genetic information serves as a copying template for complementary sequences of codons.

Question 31

Translation

Answer 31

A process in the nucleus where RNA attaches to a ribosome and is translated into a corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a new protein molecule.

Question 32

DNA

Answer 32

Self-replicating organelle that carries genetic information.

Question 33

RNA

Answer 33

A single stranded organelle that is essential in the coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.

Question 34

Mitosis

Answer 34

Nuclear division of a cell.

Question 35

Passive Transport

Answer 35

A type of membrane transport that doesn’t require energy to move substances across cell membranes.

Question 36

Synapsis/crossing over

Answer 36

The pairing of two chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.

Question 37

Nucleotide

Answer 37

Basic building blocks of DNA and RNA. Contains a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

Question 38

Vesicular Transport

Answer 38

A membrane protein that regulates or facilitates movement of specific molecules across a vesicles’ membrane.

Question 39

Diploid

Answer 39

A cell that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 40

Haploid

Answer 40

A cell that has a single set of chromosomes.

Question 41

Meiosis

Answer 41

A special type of cell division that creates sex cells (gametes).

Question 42

Nucleic Acid

Answer 42

Main information carrying cells. Determine the characteristics of the organism.

Question 43

Phagocytosis

Answer 43

The process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle.