Cells Flashcards
What is a cell
The smallest building block of life
What does MRS GREN stand for
movement, respiration, sensitivity, Growth, reproductivity, excretion, nutrition
What are organelles
A small structure in a cell with a specific function
What does cytoplasm do
Produces chemical reaction
What does a nucleus do
Controls the activity of cells
What does mitochondria do
Site of respiration
What do ribosomes do
Site of protein
What does the cell membrane do
Controls what leaves and enters a cell
What does a cell wall do
Structures and supports the cell
What do chloroplasts do
Site of photosynthesis
What do vacuoles do
Ensures the cell wall is sturdy
How do you work out total magnification
Eyepiece x Objective = Total magnification
How do you work out Image size
Actual size x magnification = Image size
What is a prokaryotic cell
A single celled organism with no nucleus
What is a eukaryotic cell
Any cell that possesses a clearly defined nucleus
What is a specialised cell
A cell that has been differentiated to perform a function
How are muscles cells differentiated to perform their function
Have many mitochondria for more energy in respiration
How are nerves cells differentiated to perform their function
Has myelin insulation to help transmission signals
How are sperm cells differentiated to perform their function
Have a tail to allow the sperm to swim to the egg
How is a xylem differentiated to perform there function
holes on either side to allow water to move sideways
What is a chromosome and how many do humans have
46 chromosomes, Made up of protein and dna
What is a stem cell
An undifferentiated cell that can produce specialised cells
What is an adult stem cell
Found in bone marrow and can become either a red or white blood cell
What is a plant stem cell
undifferentiated cells located in the meristems of plants
What is diffusion
Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, down a gradient through a semi permeable membrame
What are factors that can affect diffusion
Temperature, Surface area, Concentration and distance
What is osmosis
Diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane
What does hyptonic mean
Low solute
What does isotonic mean
Equal solute
what does hypertonic mean
High solute
What is active transport
partially permeable membrane moves particles from a low concentration to a higher concentration this is against the concentration gradient
