Cells Flashcards
cells
the basic unit of structure and function in an organism * its shape and size contribute to its function
Robert Hooke
used a microscope to discover cells
Microscope
tool used to magnify or enlarg small things
Cell theory
- All organisms are made up of one or more cells.
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
- All cells come from cells that already exist.
an organelle
a tiny structure in the cell that performs a function
Nucleus
directs all cell activities (similar to the brain of the cell)
Nucleolus
makaes ribosomes
chromatin
containes DNA (genetic material that are the instructions for the cell
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Nuclear Membrane
surrounds the nucleus
Cell Membrane
selectively permeable membrane meaning it only lets specific materials move in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
gel-like material inside the cell
- cytosol is part of the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
moves material around in the cell
- like a highway
Ribosomes
make proteins and translate messages
Golgi bodies
the packaging organelle
Mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell because it breaks down food molecules and releases energy
*does cellular respiration
Vacuole
storage area in the cell
Lysosomes
digest wastes and worn-out cell parts, “cleans” the cell
Chloroplasts
contain a chemical called chlorophyll (absorbs the sun’s energy & makes the plant green) and allows the plant to make food for itself (like solar panels)
*does photosynthesis
*only in plants
Cell wall
outer boundary of plant cell, rigid & tough, provides support and shape
-made of cellulose
*only in plants
Prokaryotic Cells
Cells that do not have a nucleus, usually unicellular
Eukaryotic Cells
Cells contain a nucleus and other organelles
