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Anaphy > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions

ex. nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes

A

Organelles

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2
Q

Jelly-like substance that holds organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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3
Q

“plasma membrane”

structure that encloses the cytoplasm

outermost component of a cell

forms a boundary

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

Smallest units of life

A

Cell

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5
Q

Substances outside the cell

A

Extracellular

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6
Q

Substances inside the cell

A

Intracellular

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7
Q

Arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane

A

Fluid-mosaic model

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8
Q

Allow some substances to pass into or out of the cells

A

Selectively permeable

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9
Q

Movement of a solute from an area higher to lower concentration gradient

A

Diffusion

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10
Q

Diff in the concentration of a solute

A

Concentration Gradient

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11
Q

Allow ions to pass through

A

Leak channels

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12
Q

Limit the movement of ions across the membrane

A

Gated channels

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13
Q

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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14
Q

Force required to prevent movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmotic pressure

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15
Q

Lower concentration

A

Hypotonic

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16
Q

Higher concentration

A

Hypertonic

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17
Q

Same concentration

A

Isotonic

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18
Q

When cells swell then ruptures

A

Lysis

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19
Q

Cell shrinking

A

Crenation/Shrinkage

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20
Q

Movement of a substance across a membrane by a carrier molecules

A

Carrier-mediated transport

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21
Q

Moves substances from a higher to lower concentration

no atp

A

Facilitated diffusion

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22
Q

Moves substances from a lower to higher concentration

has ATP

A

Active transport

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23
Q

Moving concentration gradient to move another substance

A

Secondary active transport

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24
Q

Same direction

A

Cotransport

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25
Q

Opposite direction

A

Countertransport

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26
Q

Movement of materials into cells by formation of vesicles

A

Endocytosis

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27
Q

Cell eating, solid particles are ingested

A

Phagocytosis

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28
Q

Cell drinking, smaller vesicles are formed and contains liquid

A

Pinocytosis

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29
Q

Secretion of materials from cells

A

Exocytosis

30
Q

Two-layered membrane that bounds the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope

31
Q

Where materials can pass into or out the nucleus

A

Nuclear Pores

32
Q

Loosely coiled chromosomes

A

Chromatin

33
Q

Consists of ribosomal RNA and proteins

A

Nucleoli

34
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

35
Q

Forms tubules/sacs throughout the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

36
Q

Protein synthesis and modification

contains ribosomes

A

Rough E.R.

37
Q

Lipid synthesis, detoxification and Ca storage

A

Smooth E.R.

38
Q

Modifies, packages & distributed lipids and proteins

A

Golgi Apparatus

39
Q

Transport & stores materials within cells

A

Secretory Vesicles

40
Q

Membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic enzymes

A

Lysosomes

41
Q

Enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids

catalyze the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

A

Peroxisomes

42
Q

Not bound by membranes

Digest selected proteins

A

Proteasomes

43
Q

Major site of ATP production

A

Mitochondria

44
Q

Holds organelles in places
Enables the cell to change shape

A

Cytoskeleton

45
Q

Supports the cytoplasm
assists in cell division

A

Microtubules

46
Q

Involved in cell movement

A

Microfilaments

47
Q

Provide mechanical support

A

Intermediate Filaments

48
Q

Where microtubule formation occurs

A

Centrosome

49
Q

Specialized zone of cytoplasm

A

Centrioles

50
Q

Involved in separation of chromosome during mitosis

A

Spindle Fibers

51
Q

Moves substances over the surface

A

Cilia

52
Q

Propel sperm cells

A

Flagella

53
Q

Increase the surface of cells
Aids in absorption

A

Microvilli

54
Q

Sequence of nucleotides

A

Gene

55
Q

Making a copy of gene

A

Transcription

56
Q

The copy itself

A

mRNA

57
Q

Group of three nucleotides

A

Codons

58
Q

Converting that copied information into a protein

A

Translation

59
Q

Carry the amino acids

A

tRNA

60
Q

Series of three nucleotides of tRNA

A

Anti-codon

61
Q

stop codon

A

UAA

62
Q

2 PHASES OF CELL LIFE CYCLE

non-dividing phase

A

Interphase

63
Q

2 PHASES OF CELL LIFE CYCLE

formation of daughter cells from a single parent cell

A

Cell division

64
Q

Diploid # of chromosomes

A

46

65
Q

2X chromosome

A

female

66
Q

X+Y chromosome

A

male

67
Q

MITOSIS

chromatin condenses

A

Prophase

68
Q

MITOSIS

Chromosomes align at the center

A

Metaphase

69
Q

MITOSIS

Chromatids separate at the centromere & migrate to opposite poles

A

Anaphase

70
Q

MITOSIS

Chromosomes unravel to become chromatin

A

Telophase

71
Q

Cells develop specialized structures & functions

A

Differentiation

72
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Aptosis

Anaphy (7 decks)

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