Cells Flashcards
Plasma Membrane
Separates cell from external environment & controls passage of organic molecules, ions, water, oxygen, and waste in and out of cell.
Present in ALL cells
Cytoplasm
Medium in which organelles are found & site of many metabolic reactions
Present in ALL cells
Nucleus
Houses DNA & directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Present in plant and animal cells
Nucleolus
Dark area in nucleus where ribosomal subunits are synthesized
Present in plant and animal cells
Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
Present in ALL cells
Mitochondria
Cellular respiration & ATP production
Present in plant and animal cells
Peroxisomes
Oxidizes/ breaks down fatty acids and amino acids & detoxifies poisons
Present in plant and animal cells
Vesicles & Vacuoles
Storage and transport & digestive function in plants
Present in plant and animal cells
Centrosomes
Role in cell division & microtubule source
Present in animal cells
Lysosomes
Digestion of macromolecules & recycling worn-out organelles
Present in all animal cells & some plant cells
Cell Wall
Protection, structural support & maintenance of shape
Present in prokaryotic cells (peptidoglycan) & plant cells (cellulose)
Chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Present in plant cells only
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Modifies proteins & ribosomes attach to cytoplasmic surface
Present in plant & animal cells
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Synthesize proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, steroid hormones & deoxifcation of medications and poisons & stores calcium
Present in plant & animal cells
Golgi Appartus
Modifies > sorts > tags > packages & distributes lipids and proteins
Present in plant & animal cells
Cytoskeleton
Maintains cell’s shape, secures organelles in place, allows cytoplasm to move within cell & enables unicellular movement
Present in ALL cells
Flagella
Cellular locomotion
Present in some prokaryotic, animal cells & some plant sperm cells
Cilia
Cellular locomotion, movement of particles along extracellular surface & filtration
Ex: Lining in fallopian tubes that moves egg through
Present in some prokaryotic cells & animal cells
Components of Prokaryotic Cells
- Plama membrane
- Cytoplasm
- DNA
- Ribosomes
NO nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Components of Eukaryotic Cells
- Membrane-bound nucleus
- Numerous membrane-bound organelles
- Multiples rod-shaped chromosomes
Pili
Exchange genetic info during conjugation
Present in prokaryotic cells
Capsule
Ability to attach to surfaces
Present in prokaryotic cells
Fimbriae
Attach to host cells
Present in prokaryotic bacterial cells
Nuclear Envelope
Double-membrane that surrounds nucleus & controls passage of ions, molecules, and RNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm
Chromosome
Made of DNA (linear in eukaryotes & circular in prokaryotes)
Chromatin
Material that makes up chromosomes (unwound protein-chromosome complexes)
Chlorophyll
Captures light energy & green in pigment
Microfilaments
Cell division & cytoplasmic streaming. When actin & myosin filaments slide past each other muscles contract
Narrowest cytoskeleton
Intermediare filaments
Structural movement / bear tension & anchor nucleus in place
Medium sized cytoskeleton
Microtubules
Track for vesicles to move through cell / help cell resist compression * pulls replicated chromosomes to opposite side of dividing cell
Small hollow tubes & widest cytoskeleton
Extracellular Matrix
Hold cells together to form tissues & allows cells to communicate
Plasmodemata
Channels between adjacent plant cell wall that connects their cytoplasms & enables transportation of materials from cell to cell
Tight junction
Watertight seal between adjacent calls where proteins hold cells together & prevents material from leaking between cells
Typically epithelial tissue
Desomomes
“Spot welds” between adjacent epithelial cells & gives organs stretch
Plasma membrane connects to intermediate filaments
Gap Junctions
Channels between adjacent cells that transport ions, nutrients & enables cell communication
Set of 6 proteins (connexions) that arrange in elongated donut shape
