Cells

Question 1

What are cells

Answer 1

Cells are the basic unit of that all living things are made of

Question 2

What do all eukaryotic cells contain, and some

Answer 2

They contain cell membrane, cytosplasm, and some contain nucleus , except for mature red blood cells

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Has a partially permeable layer, contains cell contents
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Allows O2 into and Co2 out of the cell

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Jelly like substance, which is the site of chemical reactions
It contains the cells organelles such as nucleus
Contains Enzymes and food reserves like starch
And it contains dissolved salt ions and sugar

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
Controls the cells Activities
Is found in the cytoplasm

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

This is site of aerobic respiration, where ATP is produced
It is made of a double membrane, inner and outer membrane

Question 7

Chroloplast

Answer 7

Is only found in plant cells
Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, which traps light energy and converts it into chemical energy through photosynthesis
Found inside the cytoplasm of plant cells

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

Only found in plant cells
Contains water soluble chemicals
Found in the cytoplasm of plant cells
It is present to keep the plant cell firm
Contains fluid filled cell sap made up of sugars and salt

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Cell is freely permeable
Outer layer made of cellulose
Provided the cell with rigidity and protection

Question 10

2 things different in Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

Answer 10

DNA is not found in nucleus, and pro is smaller than eukaryotic

Question 11

What is found in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 11

Cell membrane, Cell wall, cytoplasm, plasmid DNA, chromosomal DNA

Question 12

Chromosomal DNA

Answer 12

Coiled circular form of double stranded DNA
is not found in the nucleus but freely lies on the cytoplasm
Carries the genetic information, and regulates the cells processes

Question 13

Plasmid DNA

Answer 13

Is a small molecule of a double stranded circular DNA
It carries genetic information for particular specialist functions, like antibiotic resistance
It can replicates separately from chromosomal DNA
Can be moved between bacterial cells
This is the component used when bacteria is a vector in genetic engineering

Question 14

Cell wall of bacterial cells

Answer 14

It provides protection and structural support to the cell
It is freely permeable
It is made up of protein, sugars, and Lipids, different from plant cells
Some bacterial cells also have slime capsule around their cell wall

Question 15

What are the different level of organization

Answer 15

Tissues: are made up of a group of similar cells made up of a similar structure and functions, that work together to perform a particular job, like muscles
Organs: are made up of a group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular job, example: liver
Organ system, are made made up of a group of different Tory and that work together to perform a particular job, ex: circulatory system containing heart and blood vessels

Question 16

Specialized cells meaning

Answer 16

Spealised cells , are cells that undergo a process called as differentiation, that allows eukaryotic cells to specialize to a particular function

Question 17

Examples of specialized cells

Answer 17

red blood cells, Egg cells, sperm cells, root hair cells

Question 18

Red blood cells function and adaptation

Answer 18

Function: is to transport Oxygen around the body
Adaptation: biconcave shape to increase surface area to volume ratio
Contains hemoglobin, which allows them to carry oxygen
No nucleus: to fit as many haemoglobins as possible
Mature RBC have no mitochondria

Question 19

Egg cell

Answer 19

Function: reproduction
Adaptation: large food store to build molecules for growing embryo

Question 20

Sperm cell

Answer 20

Function: reproduction
Adaptions: long tail and streamlined head
Many mitochondria to provide energy to swim to the egg

Question 21

Root hair cell

Answer 21

Functions: absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil
Adaptations: long hair like structure that increase surface area for more absorption