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IMMS > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are some components of the plasma membrane

A 
Phospholipids 
Cholesterol 
Membrane proteins
Carbohydrate groups
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
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2
Q

What is the largest membrane bound organelle

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

What are nuclear pores

A

Gaps within the nuclear envelope

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4
Q

Function of the nucleus

A

Storage and transmission of genetic information

Info coded in the DNA synthesises the protein determining the structure and function of the cell

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5
Q

How are chromosomes formed from DNA

A

DNA and proteins form chromatin - a mass of genetic material

At cell division, chromatin condenses into chromosomes

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6
Q

What occurs in the outer membrane of the mitochondria

A

Lipid synthesis and fatty acid metabolism

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7
Q

Where does Krebs cycle occur

A

Matrix of the mitochondria

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8
Q

Where does the respiratory/ electron transport chain take place

A

Inner membrane of mitochondria

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9
Q

Where are nucleotides synthesised

A

Intramembranous space of mitochondria

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10
Q

Function of the Golgi apparatus

A

Processes and modifies macromolecules synthesised in the Endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

Describe the difference in the functions of cis golgi and trans Golgi

A

Cis-golgi is nuclear facing and receives from the rough ER
Protein phosphorylation occurs in Cis

Trans - proteolysis of peptides into active forms and sorting of molecules into vesicles which bud from the surface

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12
Q

What is the function of the medial section of golgi

A

Modifies producers by adding sugars

Forms complex oligosaccharides by adding sugars to lipids and peptides

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13
Q

Functions of ribosomes

A

Translates genetic code into chains of AA

Deposits protein into the ER to undergo further modification

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14
Q

Where is the site of glycolysis

A

Cytoplasm

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15
Q

What are the components of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol
Organelles
Cytoplasmic inclusions and dissolved solute
Cytoskeleton with associated motor proteins

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16
Q

What are 5 functions of the plasma membrane

A 
Controls passage of various molecules
Physical barrier
Selective permeability 
Endo/exocytosis 
Cell signalling
17
Q

What’s the difference between the phospholipid head and tail in terms of affinity for water

A

Hydrophobic head

Hydrophilic tail

18
Q

What are vesicles

A

Very small spherical membrane bound organelles which transport and store material and exchange cell membrane compartments

19
Q

What are tight junctions

A

Seals neighbouring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage

20
Q

What are adherens

A

Joins an actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in another cell

21
Q

What are desmosomes

A

Joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to a Neighbour

22
Q

What are gap junctions

A

Allows passage of small water soluble ions and molecules

23
Q

Put in order of smallest to largest and give their size: intermediate filaments, microtubules, microfilaments

A

Microfilaments - 5nm
Intermediate filaments - 10nm
Microtubules - 25nm

24
Q

What is the cytoskeleton

A

Supports the cells shape

Contains microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

25
Q

What is lipofuscin inc it’s colour

A

Wear and tear pigment formed from the breakdown of lipids in older cells

Orange-brown pigment

26
Q

What’s the difference between voltage and ligand gates

A

Voltage - membrane potential will cause channel to open depending on charge

Ligand - molecule which binds to the channel to cause it to open/close

27
Q

What’s the difference between primary and secondary active transport

A

1 - directly uses source of energy ie ATP

2 - transport of a substance against its gradient is coupled to transport of an ion down its gradient ie co-transport.

Uses energy from the generation of the ions electrochemical gradient

28
Q

What are the types of excoytosis

A

Regulated secretion

Constitutive secretion

29
Q

What are the types of endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis

IMMS (3 decks)

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