Cells

Question 1

Unicellular organism

Answer 1

An organism made up of only one cell.

Question 2

Multicellular organism

Answer 2

An organism made up of many cells.

Question 3

Name a piece of equipment used to see cells:

Answer 3

A microscope.

Question 4

What is the function of a microscope?

Answer 4

To magnify an image.

Question 5

What part of a microscope magnifies the image?

Answer 5

The objective lens and the eyepiece lens.

Question 6

Why does the specimen need to be very thin?

Answer 6

So that light is able to travel through it.

Question 7

Why might a coloured dye be added to the specimen?

Answer 7

To stain it to make it easier to see.

Question 8

On what part of a microscope is the slide placed?

Answer 8

The stage.

Question 9

How is the total magnification of the image calculated?

Answer 9

Total magnification = eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 10

What are the components of a plant cell?

Answer 10

Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, vacuole.

Question 11

What are the components of an animal cell?

Answer 11

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria.

Question 12

What three components of a plant cell are not present in an animal cell?

Answer 12

Cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole.

Question 13

Cell membrane

Answer 13

Controls what comes into and out of the cell.

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Controls the cell and contains genetic material.

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

This is where respiration happens – release energy for the cell.

Question 16

Cytoplasm

Answer 16

Where most of the chemical reactions take place.

Question 17

Cell wall

Answer 17

Is rigid so it strengthens the cell.

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

This is where food is made for the plant by photosynthesis.

Question 19

Vacuole

Answer 19

Contains a watery liquid called cell sap that keeps the cell firm.

Question 20

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 20

To carry electrical messages around the body.

Question 21

Describe how the nerve cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 21

It is long, thin and has connections at each end.

Question 22

Explain how a nerve cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 22

Long – to allow messages to travel to different parts of the body
Connections – to connect with other nerve cells to pass messages on.

Question 23

What is the function of a red blood cell?

Answer 23

To transport oxygen around the body to all cells.

Question 24

Describe how the red blood cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 24

It contains haemoglobin, has no nucleus and has a disk-like shape.

Question 25

Explain how a red blood cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 25

Haemoglobin – oxygen joins to this chemical inside the cell No nucleus – more space for haemoglobin Disk-like shape – Increases surface area for carrying oxygen.

Question 26

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 26

To carry male genetic material to the egg cell.

Question 27

Describe how the sperm cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 27

Has a long tail Has a streamlined head Contains lots of mitochondria

Question 28

Explain how a sperm cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 28

Tail – allows it to swim towards the egg Streamlined head – allows it to move faster Lots of mitochondria – to release lots of energy for moving.

Question 29

What is the function of a leaf cell?

Answer 29

To make food for the plant by photosynthesis.

Question 30

Describe how the leaf cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 30

Contain lots of chloroplasts.

Question 31

Explain how a leaf cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 31

Lots of chloroplasts – to absorb more energy to carry out photosynthesis.

Question 32

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 32

To absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Question 33

Describe how the root hair cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 33

Has a long, thin root hair | Do not contain chloroplasts

Question 34

Explain how a root hair cell is specialised to perform its function:

Answer 34

Root hair – Creates a larger surface area to allow more water to enter the cell. No chloroplasts – There is no light underground so photosynthesis will not happen in the cell.

Question 35

Name two unicellular organisms:

Answer 35

Amoeba and euglena

Question 36

Name the components of an amoeba:

Answer 36

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus.

Question 37

How does an amoeba move?

Answer 37

By changing the shape of its body.

Question 38

Name the components of an euglena:

Answer 38

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, chloroplasts, eyespot and flagellum.

Question 39

How does an euglena move?

Answer 39

The flagellum spins allowing it to move.

Question 40

How does an amoeba and euglena reproduce?

Answer 40

By binary fission: it splits itself into two cells.