Cells Flashcards
Basic Features of Cells
<ul> <li style="text-align: center;"> Differ greatly in size, shape and activity.</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> All cells must have the following</li> </ul> <ol> <li style="text-align: center;"> Plasma Membrane</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Region of DNA</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Cytoplasm</li> </ol>
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| <span>Plasma Membrane</span></p>
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<li>
The outer most membrane of a cell that isolates it from it's environment</li>
<li>
Regulates the flow of materials in and out of the cell</li>
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Allows interaction with other cells</li>
</ul>
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</p>
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| <span>Region of DNA</span></p>
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<li>
All cells have DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)</li>
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Serves as the genetic material</li>
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Eukaryotic Cells - DNA is enclose in a membrane to form an organelle calles a nucleus</li>
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Prokaryotic Cells have no nucleus and the DNA occupies an irregular region of the cell</li>
</ul>
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| <span>Cytoplasm</span></p>
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All celluar parts, particles, and semi-fluid substances enclosed by the plasma membrane EXCEPT for the region of DNA. Consits of water, salts and organic molecules and is where many chemical reactions take place.</p>
<p>
| <span>The Three Bacterial Types</span></p>
<ol> <li style="text-align: center;"> Bacilli - Rod Shaped</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Cocci - Spherical Shaped</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Spirilla - Cork-Screw Shaped</li> </ol> <p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p>
| <span>Prokaryotic Cells</span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> (Bacteria and Archaeans)</p> <ul> <li style="text-align: center;"> Small cells with very little cytoplasm and a cell wall outside the plasma membrane.</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> No membrane bound nucleus</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> No membrance bound organelles</li> </ul>
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| <span>Eukaryotic Cells</span></p>
<ul> <li style="text-align: center;"> Have a true Nucleus</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Many membrane bound organelles</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals</li> </ul>
<p>
| <span>Nucleus</span></p>
<ul> <li style="text-align: center;"> Contains DNA</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Enclosed by a Nulear Envelope</li> <li style="text-align: center;"> Has a Necleolus</li> </ul>
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| <span>Nuclear Envelope</span></p>
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| A double membrane of two lipid bilayers and associated proteins.</p>
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| <span>Nucleolus</span></p>
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| Located inside the nucleus and is the site where ribosomes are assembled.</p>
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| <span>Endoplasmic Reticulum</span></p>
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A series of interconnected membrane-enclosed tubes and channels in the cytoplasm and is the site of lipid and protein synthesis.</p>
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| <span>Golgi Complex (Body)</span></p>
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An organelle that seperates proteins and lipids received from the Endoplasmic Reticulum according to their destinations. Modifies and packages molecules in vesicles for export or transport to specific locations within the cytoplasm.</p>
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| <span>Lysosome</span></p>
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The main organelle of intracellular digestion, with hydrolytic enzymes that can breakdown proteins, fatsm and carbohydrates.</p>
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| <span>Vacuoles</span></p>
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Small membrane bound sacs that function in the transport, storage or digestion of substances (also called vesicles)</p>
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Mature living plant cells often have a fluid filled CENTRAL VACULE that occupies 50-90% of the cell's interior.</p>
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| <span>Mitochondrion</span></p>
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Organelle that specializes in ATP formation</p>
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Site of the second and third stages of aerobic respiration</p>
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Have an outer membrane and a larger inner membrance with many folds called a<strong> cristae</strong>.</p>
