Cells Flashcards
What is a cell?
Cells are the basic units of life.
Describe what Organelles are?
Organelles are tiny structures (such as chloroplasts) that are present in a cell’s cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane
What organelles makes up a plant cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, Chloroplast, vacuole, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, nucleus and ribosome
What organelles make up an animal cell?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, nucleus and ribosome
What organelles make up a unicellular fungus cell?
vacuole, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondrion and ribosome
What organelles make up a bacteria cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, plasmid, circular chromosome and ribosome
What is the function of a cell wall?
Supports and strengthens
What is the function of a cell membrane?
controls movement of substances
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Site of chemical reactions
What is the function of mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration
What is the function of the vacuole?
Contains dissolved sugar and salts
What is the function of Ribosomes?
Site of protein synthesis
What is the function of plasmids?
Contains genes that helps cell to function
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls activities of a cell
Describe a unicellular organism?
An organism consisting of one cell (Amoeba)
Describe multi-cellular organism?
an organism consisting of many cells (human, plant, animal cells)
Why is staining used when investigating cells?
To see the cell structure more clearly
What staining is used to show cell structure in plant cells?
Iodine
What staining is used to show cell structure in animal cells?
Methylene blue
What are the 6 parts of the microscope?
(1) Eyepiece (2) Coarse focusing dial (3) Fine focusing dial (4) Objective lens (5) stage (6) mirror
How do you find the total magnification?
Magnification of the eye-piece lens x objective lens
(x10 multiplied by x75 = x750)
(x10 multiplied by x150 = x1500)
(x10 multiplied by x300 = x3000)
This is true in reverse using division to get the “x10”
What unit is used to measure cells?
micro-meters
How many micro-metres are in a millimetre?
1000 micrometres are in a millimetre
What is a cell membrane made up of?
Protein and Phospholipid molecules
How many layers of phospholipid molecules are there in a cell membrane?
a double layer
What happens when molecules of protein are exposed to acid or high temperatures?
They become denatured (destroyed and non-functional)
