Cells

Question 1

Structure of Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Made of a phospholipid bi-layer. Can be very long and highly folded in cells to absorb materials.

Question 2

Function of the cell mebrane

Answer 2

holds cell content together, semi permeable to control entry and exit of materials.

Question 3

Function of the cell wall

Answer 3

provides structure for the cell and support for the plant as a whole.

Question 4

structure of cell membrane

Answer 4

made of cellulose

Question 5

function of centriole

Answer 5

forms spindle fibres for cell division (only in animal cells)

Question 6

structure of Chromosome

Answer 6

Made up of DNA and proteins tightly coiled up

Question 7

function of chromosomes

Answer 7

contains information in the genetic code to give instructions for all life processes

Question 8

function of the cytoplasm

Answer 8

holds dissolved foods and gases

Question 9

function of the golgi bodies

Answer 9

package proteins into a form usable by the body and transport them out of the cell

Question 10

function of the nucleus

Answer 10

holds chromosomes, controls cell activity

Question 11

function of ribosomes

Answer 11

site of protein synthesis found along ER

Question 12

function of the vacuole

Answer 12

storage of materials

Question 13

function of lysosomes

Answer 13

collects cell waste

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

site of respiration. the internal folds provide a large surface area for reactions

Question 15

Active Transport

Answer 15

Requires energy in the form of ATP. moves materials in and out of the cell across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient (from low to high)

Question 16

Passive Transport

Answer 16

movement of materials across the concentration gradient (from high to low). Does not need energy

Question 17

3 forms of passive transport

Answer 17

Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

the random movement of small molecules across the concentration gradient. does not need energy

Question 19

factors that affect diffusion

Answer 19

the concentration gradient, the size of particles, temperature and state (gas particles diffuse faster than liquid particles)

Question 20

Faccilitated diffusion

Answer 20

movement of particles such as glucose, amino acids, sodium ions and chloride ions through protein channels and carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane.

Question 21

Carrier proteins

Answer 21

provide channels for facilitated diffusion and are specific to a molecule.

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential until water potentials are equal

Question 23

high water potential

Answer 23

when water has few particles (solute) dissolved in it

Question 24

example of an area with high water potential

Answer 24

freshwater or tapwater

Question 25

example of an area with low water potential

Answer 25

seawater (salts and ions dissolved in it)

Question 26

Hypotonic solution

Answer 26

A weak or dilute solution (little dissolved solute)

Question 27

hypertonic solutions

Answer 27

A strong or concentrated solution (much-dissolved solute)

Question 28

Isotonic solutions

Answer 28

two solutions with the same concentrations of water and solute