Cells Flashcards
what is a eukaryotic cell?
a type of cell is a type cell with a nucleus containing DNA and other membrane-bound organelles
what is a prokaryotic cell?
- smaller than eukaryotic cells
- have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan (not cellulose)
- do not store genetic material in a nucleus
- may have extra rings of DNA
MRS GREN
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition
cytoplasm
(p+a) jelly-like liquid where most chemical reactions take place
nucleus
(p+a) controls the activities of the cell and contains DNA
cell membrane
(p+a) controls what passes in and out o the cell
ribosome
(p+a) site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)
mitochondria
(p+a) where aerobic respiration takes place (releases energy)
cell wall
(p) made of cellulose and gives the cell strength
vacuole
(p) contains sap and helps to support the shape of the cell
chloroplast
(p) contains chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis
cell sap
(p) In the vacuole and stores materials such as sugars, amino acids, waste substances and mineral salts
what kind of DNA does bacteria have?
circular DNA (genetic material not enclosed in nucleus)
what are the tails called on a bacteria cell?
flagella
name some eukaryotic cells
animal and plant cells
what were things classified into pre-1970?
5 Kingdoms
were things classified into pre-1970?
Observable traits
archaea
single-celled organism that is an extremophile
extremophile
a microorganism, that lives in extremes conditions
magnification
the ability of a lens or other optical instrument to magnify (enlarge) the size of something in an optical image
how to calculate total magnification?
total magnification = magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens
resolution
the ability of a microscope to distinguish two adjacent points as separate from one another
name a prokaryotic cell
bacteria
capsule (most bacteria)
protection from damage & for sticking prokaryotic cells together
flagella
for movement
pili
for sticking to surfaces
plasmid
extra bits of circular DNA
circular DNA
genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus
how can plasmids be used?
genes in the plasmids can be antibiotic resistance
how to calculate cell magnification?
image size = actual size x magnification
