Cells

Question 1

what is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

a type of cell is a type cell with a nucleus containing DNA and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

what is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 2

• smaller than eukaryotic cells
• have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan (not cellulose)
• do not store genetic material in a nucleus
• may have extra rings of DNA

Question 3

MRS GREN

Answer 3

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

(p+a) jelly-like liquid where most chemical reactions take place

Question 5

nucleus

Answer 5

(p+a) controls the activities of the cell and contains DNA

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

(p+a) controls what passes in and out o the cell

Question 7

ribosome

Answer 7

(p+a) site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

(p+a) where aerobic respiration takes place (releases energy)

Question 9

cell wall

Answer 9

(p) made of cellulose and gives the cell strength

Question 10

vacuole

Answer 10

(p) contains sap and helps to support the shape of the cell

Question 11

chloroplast

Answer 11

(p) contains chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis

Question 12

cell sap

Answer 12

(p) In the vacuole and stores materials such as sugars, amino acids, waste substances and mineral salts

Question 13

what kind of DNA does bacteria have?

Answer 13

circular DNA (genetic material not enclosed in nucleus)

Question 14

what are the tails called on a bacteria cell?

Answer 14

flagella

Question 15

name some eukaryotic cells

Answer 15

animal and plant cells

Question 16

what were things classified into pre-1970?

Answer 16

5 Kingdoms

Question 17

were things classified into pre-1970?

Answer 17

Observable traits

Question 18

archaea

Answer 18

single-celled organism that is an extremophile

Question 19

extremophile

Answer 19

a microorganism, that lives in extremes conditions

Question 20

magnification

Answer 20

the ability of a lens or other optical instrument to magnify (enlarge) the size of something in an optical image

Question 21

how to calculate total magnification?

Answer 21

total magnification = magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens

Question 22

resolution

Answer 22

the ability of a microscope to distinguish two adjacent points as separate from one another

Question 23

name a prokaryotic cell

Answer 23

bacteria

Question 24

capsule (most bacteria)

Answer 24

protection from damage & for sticking prokaryotic cells together

Question 25

flagella

Answer 25

for movement

Question 26

pili

Answer 26

for sticking to surfaces

Question 27

plasmid

Answer 27

extra bits of circular DNA

Question 28

circular DNA

Answer 28

genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus

Question 29

how can plasmids be used?

Answer 29

genes in the plasmids can be antibiotic resistance

Question 30

how to calculate cell magnification?

Answer 30

image size = actual size x magnification