Cells

Question 1

What are the cell organelle structures?

Answer 1

• nucleus
• endoplasmic reticulum -rough and smooth
• Golgi apparatus
• mitochondria
• lysosome
• chloroplast
• cell wall
• ribosomes
• centriole
• cell surface membrane

Question 2

What is the structure of the nucleus?

Answer 2

Structure
•the largest organelle
• spherical
• dark patches= chromatin
•surrounded by nuclear envelope composed of 2 fluid filled membranes
• has nuclear pores which allow large molecules through
•has the nucleolus inside

Question 3

What’s is the function of the nucleus ?

Answer 3

Function
•contains genetic material 
•chromatin consists of DNA and proteins 
• make ribosomes and RNA 
• when a cell divides chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes

Question 4

What’s is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum ?

Answer 4

Structure
• flattened membrane-bound sacs 
• channels called citernae are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane 
• RER have ribosomes 
• SER don’t have ribosomes

Question 5

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 5

Function
• SER- involved in synthesising lipids
•RER- transports proteins made on attached ribosomes

Question 6

What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 6

Structure

•stack of membrane bound flattened sacs

Question 7

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 7

Function
• recieves proteins from the ER
•modifies the proteins (adds sugar)
•packages proteins into vesicles to be transported inside the cell or outside

Question 8

What is the structure of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

• 2 membranes separated by fluid filled space
• inner membrane is folded to form Cristae
• central part is the matrix which contains Enzymes to catalyse respiration

Question 9

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 9

•the site where ATP is produced during aerobic respiration

Question 10

What is the structure of chloroplasts ?

Answer 10

• 2 membranes separated by fluid filled space
• inner membrane is continuous with a network of thylakoids
• stack of thylakoids called a granum
• chlorophyll molecules are present on these membranes

Question 11

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 11

• site of photosynthesis

* light energy is used to derive carbohydrates molecules from carbon dioxide

Question 12

What is the structure of the cell wall?

Answer 12

• found on the outside of a plant cell
• can be made into different materials depending on which organism it belongs to (cellulose in plants)
• adjacent cells are linked through the cell wall by connections called plasmodesmata

Question 13

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 13

•to support the cell and protect the cell from too much absorbed water

Question 14

What is the structure of the cell vacuole?

Answer 14

•liquid fluid space encased by a membrane

Question 15

What is the structure of a ribosome?

Answer 15

• 2sub units

* very small organelle in cytoplasm and bound to the RER

Question 16

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 16

•site of protein synthesis which acts as an assembly line to use mRNA to assemble proteins

Question 17

What is structure of a centriole ?

Answer 17

Small protein tubes of micro tubules

Question 18

What is the function of the centriole ?

Answer 18

Form filled cells division known as spinales that separate chromosomes

Question 19

What is the structure of the cell surface membrane

Answer 19

Contains phospholipids and proteins

Known as a bilayer

Question 20

What is the function of the cell surface membrane ?

Answer 20

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Important in cell recognition