Cells Flashcards
What allows the cell membrane to carry out its function?
It has a partially permeable membrane that allows for the control of substances entering or leaving the cell.
What are the functions of the nucleus?
It controls cell activities like cell growth, repair and division.
What are the functions of the cell wall?
It protects the cell from injury and gives the plant cell a fixed shape.
What is the function of ribosomes?
It helps to synthesise proteins.
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
It transports proteins made by ribosomes to the Golgi apparatus for secretion out of the cell.
What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
It synthesises fats and steroids, and converts harmful substances into harmless materials.
What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?
It chemically modifies substances made by the endoplasmic reticulum, and stores and packages the substances in vesicles for secretion out of the cell.
How are proteins transported in the cytoplasm?
Vesicles transport substances within the cell. Small vesicles containing proteins made by the ER are pinched off. They then fuse with the Golgi apparatus, releasing their contents. The modified substances are then packaged in secretory vesicles and pinched off from the Golgi apparatus. They fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
They carry out aerobic respiration, where they oxidise food substances to release ATP.
What is the function of the chloroplast?
It contains chlorophyll, which takes in light, glucose and carbon dioxide to release oxygen and water.
What is the function of the vacuole?
It stores substances within the cell.
What is the difference between an animal cell vacuole and a plant cell vacuole?
Animal cell vacuoles are small and temporary while plant cell vacuoles are large and central.
Animal cell vacuoles contain water and food while plant cell vacuoles contain sugars, mineral salts and amino acids.
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which a cell becomes specialised for a specific function.
What are tissues?
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structures that work together to perform a specific function.
