cells

Question 1

components of mammalian cell

Answer 1

nucleus
cytoplasm
organelles
plasma membrane

Question 2

functions of plasma membrane

Answer 2

-protects
separates extracellular (outside cell) and intracellular (inside cell)
-regulates transport
communication among cell

Question 3

membrane

Answer 3

-lipid bilayer with proteins embedded throughout
(fluid mosaic model)
-90-99% lipids
-20% cholesterol
-5% glycolipids (carb attached to lipid) and glycoproteins (carb attached to proteins)

Question 4

Phospholipid

Answer 4

a lipid forms from glycerol bonds to one or more fatty acids

Question 5

hydrophilic

Answer 5

• water loving polar heads
• polar means the moleclues have partial charge (+-)
• facee the extracellular and intracellular aqueous(water based solution)

Question 6

hydrophobic

Answer 6

• water fearing non-polar tails
• non polar means nocharges are associated, electrons are shared in a more equal way
• face eachother and away from the water

Question 7

membrane transport

Answer 7

-passive transport - move down or with gradients require no energy
-active transport - move up or against gradients require energy
-semipermeable - selective
-freely permeable - depending on substance
impermeable - cant pass

Question 8

active transport

Answer 8

• processes move substance up and against their gradients require ATP(energy)
• sodium/potassium pump - pumps 2 sodium ions out of cell while pumping 2 potassium into cell

Question 9

endocytosis

Answer 9

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole

Question 10

phagocytosis

Answer 10

is also called “cell eating” and involves the intake of solid material or food particles
- found in white blood cells

Question 11

pinocytosis

Answer 11

also called “cell drinking”, involves the intake of molecules dissolved in fluid
- general function of all cells in our bodies (drink in order to survive)

Question 12

passive transport

Answer 12

processes like diffusion and osmosis all substance to move down their gradient require no energy

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

-movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration
factors that affect rate of diffusion
-temperature,size,concentration gradient, diffusion distance,surface area

Question 14

osmosis

Answer 14

• movement of water from low solute concentration to higher solute concentration
• water follows salt
• osmotic pressure draws water to solute, as water builds more hydrostatic pressure builds on other side

Question 15

Capillary microcirculation

Answer 15

hydrostatic presssure - pushed water out into the tissue spaces
osmotic pressure - draws water back in

Question 16

hydrostatic pressure is > osmotic pressue

Answer 16

tissue space edema (inflammation)

Question 17

hydrostatic pressure is < osmotic pressure

Answer 17

dehydration of tissue spaces