Cells Flashcards
How many cells make up livings things?
One or more cells
What are cells?
Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things, there are many different types of cells for example; animal, plant and fungi cells
What are the small structures inside cells called?
Organelles
What are organelles?
Organelles are little structures that are only seen via a light microscope, each organelle has a special function or job. Some organelles are too small to be seen with a light microscope and are on,y visible by using an electron microscope
What are some examples of organelles that can only be seen via an electron microscope?
- mitochondria: the powerhouses if the cell that release energy from food
- lysosomes: the garbage disposal units that get rid of wastes from the cell
- endoplasmic reticulum: forms pathways that allow materials to move quickly and easily through the cell
What organelles does an animal cell need?
- Nucleus: Controls all activities of the cell. This includes all the chemical reactions in the cell, how the cell develops and how it reproduces
- Cell membrane: The ‘skin’ that holds the cell together. It controls what comes into and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm: A watery, jelly-like mixture that contains many smaller parts where the work of the cell takes place
- Vacuole: There may be several very small vacuoles in an animal cell. they may contain wastes or chemicals that are being moved around the cell
What are ribosomes?
They are microscopic ‘factories’ that produce proteins used by the animal for growth and repair, they are not considered true organelles because they are not always enclosed in a membrane.
What do plant cells contain?
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Cell Membrane
- Cell Wall: Plants si. It have a skeleton so they need something else to keep them upright and to keep their shape. This is the function of the cell wall, which lies outside the cell membrane.
- Chloroplast: Chloroplasts are only found in the plant cells and only in the green parts of plants. Chloroplasts are the sire of photosynthesis.
- Vacuole: The vacuole in plant cells is large and occupies most of the cell. It is filled with sap and stores water, wastes and nutrients. When it is full, the vacuole pushes against the cell wall and helps to keep the plant rigid.
What is fungi?
Fungi is an organism that can be made up of just a single cell or many cells. A fungi cell has the organelles: nucleus, cell wall and a vacuole.
What are living things that are made up of one cell?
These are called unicellular organisms.
How do unicellular organisms divide?
They divide by producing two new identical cells. This is called mitosis. They use mitosis for reproduction.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is when a cell divides into two identical cells. First the nucleus divides into two then the cytoplasm divides.
What are multicellular organisms?
Multicellular organisms are organisms that start with one cell but start to divide creating more cells, they use mitosis for growth and repair
