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SR3 生物 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

原核生物Prokaryote包括什么

A

包括蓝绿菌，细菌，大肠杆菌，链霉菌
不包括病毒

（不具有膜的细胞器）

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2
Q

病毒具有什么

A

RNA

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3
Q

What is the substance found most in cells

A

organic substances (Protein)

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4
Q

Excess carbohydrates can transform into protein to store

A

true

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5
Q

附着力

A

水的轻微解离作用

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6
Q

内聚力·

A

水分子与水分子之间以氢键形成

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7
Q

附着力

A

水分子附着物以氢键形成

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8
Q

protein elements

A

no P

C,H,O,N,S (sometimes got S)

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9
Q

Why can ice float on water

A

水分子之间的氢键，当水在zero degrees become ice, hydrogen bond will make water molecules become 有规律的晶体结构式，结果体积大，密度变小，it will float on water

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10
Q

Glycoprotein

A

identify

protein cannot identify

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11
Q

protein function

A

cell can change shape, move and contract

催化代谢反应（enzymes)

facilitated diffusion and active transport
(carrier protein）

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12
Q

糖类

A

碳水化合物
(not because there are H and O)
(is cuz ratio of H and O 2:1 like water)

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13
Q

脂质

A

一个甘油，三个脂肪酸

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14
Q

amino acid

A

C,H,O,N

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15
Q

Nucleotide 核苷酸

A

氮碱基，五碳糖，磷酸组成

（nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group)

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16
Q

葡萄糖

A

生物体内是要能量来源

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17
Q

ATP

A

提供生物体直接活动能量

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18
Q

肝糖

A

Store in muscles and liver 的多糖Polysaccharide

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19
Q

蔗糖

A

植物运输的主要糖类

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20
Q

果糖和葡萄糖分子

A

分子式相同，结构式不同

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21
Q

核酸 nucleic acid

A

have RNA and DNA

mostly composed of 磷

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22
Q

metabolism use

A

glucose, then lipid then only protein

（thats why ppl will get very thin when in great hunger)

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23
Q

肽键

A

peptide bond

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24
Q

Adenine

A

腺嘌呤

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25
Q

Guanine

A

鸟粪嘌呤

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26
Q

Thymine

A

胸腺嘧啶

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27
Q

Cytosine

A

胞嘧啶

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28
Q

腺嘌呤 and 核糖

A

Become 核苷 (Nucleoside)

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29
Q

ions for blood clot, nerve transmission and contraction of muscle cells

A

Ca2+

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30
Q

Vitamin

A

made up of CHON

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31
Q

Vitamin B and C

A

coenzymes

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32
Q

Plants can produce vitamins itself

A

true

not absorbed

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33
Q

DNA and RNA

A

核酸Nucleic acid
核苷酸Nucleotide的聚合物

deoxyribose nucleic acid (双股结构）ATCG
ribose nucleic acid（单股结构）AUCG

both are pentose sugar
both have 磷根酸
both are double-helix molecular structure

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34
Q

vitamin D

A

the only vitamin that can be produced by human

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35
Q

nucleic acid 核酸 cannot 供应能量

A

true

only protein, glucose and lipid can

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36
Q

细胞学说

A

细胞来自己存在的细胞分裂产生

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37
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Have a lot of honeycomb chambers (cells)

only see cell wall

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38
Q

carbohydrates

A

CHO

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39
Q

protein

A

CHONS (NO P)

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40
Q

lipid

A

CHO

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41
Q

Nucleic acid 核酸

A

CHON

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42
Q

Vitamin

A

Is organic substance

CHON

43
Q

sexual hormones

A

only have glycerol no fatty acids

not lipid) (is steroids

44
Q

Nucleotide 核苷酸

A

Pentose sugar, phosphate grp and nitrogenous base

ATP, DNA, RNA have nucleotide

45
Q

RNA

A

核糖Ribose and Pi

46
Q

deoxyribose and ribose sugar are pentose sugar

A

true

47
Q

尿嘧啶

A

Uracil (present in RNA）

48
Q

Function of RNA

A

have enzyme 活性
病毒遗传物质
participate in the making of protein
component of 核糖体ribosome

49
Q

Glucose 长链大分子

A

多糖类
cellulose, glycogen, starch

(not nucleic acid)
(not maltose cuz its 双糖）

50
Q

辅酶

A

not protein but small organic substance

51
Q

原生质丝

A

植物细胞之间交流的管道

52
Q

the cell membrane can form ATP

A

true

53
Q

DNA 转录作用

RNA 传递遗传信息

A

true

54
Q

RNA 通过核膜控制细胞生理

A

true

55
Q

DNA is formed by RNA

A

false

56
Q

oxygen is produced by what initially

A

蓝绿藻Cyanobacteria

57
Q

no nucleus, cells will not have 有丝分裂 mitosis

A

true

58
Q

no 叶绿体cell no photosynthesis

A

false

叶囊体with叶绿素also can

59
Q

plant do not have

A

centrioles 中心粒

60
Q

use microscope can observe in plants

A

nucleolus 核仁and Golgi apparatus 高基斯体

61
Q

原核细胞

A

没有膜状胞器

no 蛋白质

62
Q

平滑内质网

smooth ER

A

脂质的合成

63
Q

进行包装分类

modification

A

高基斯体

64
Q

can produce ATP

A

Cell membrane, mitochondria, yls

cytoplasm cannot

65
Q

核糖 ribose is a compound of

A

RNA 组成成分

ylt, mitochondria, tRNA, enzymes
（all have RNA)

bacteria plasmid only DNA ( so no)

66
Q

water

A

90 percent osmosis

10 percent simple or facilitated diff

67
Q

protein condense

A

will become 二级三级四级

68
Q

protein primary structure

A

amino acid

69
Q

protein denature due to heating

A

二级三级四级被破坏

70
Q

核苷酸nucleotide

A

组成核酸nucleic acid的单元分子

71
Q

have RNA

A

means can form protein

ylt, mitochondria, 核糖体，rough ER etc

72
Q

粒线体

A

细胞内的能量工厂

73
Q

chromosomes染色体

A

made up of DNA and protein

74
Q

nucleolus 核仁

A

made up of DNA and protein

合成核糖体的场所

75
Q

similarities btw ylt and mito

A

have 双层膜
have DNA
can 自我分裂increase its no. (cuz have DNA)
have 核糖体 ribose

76
Q

原生质丝 Plasmodesma

A

only plants have

贯穿相邻植物细胞的细胞壁和细胞膜

77
Q

centrioles

A

made from protein, 靠近细胞核

78
Q

粒线体 mito

A

ATP 的生成

79
Q

nucleus 细胞核

A

DNA replication

80
Q

核糖体ribosome

A

蛋白质的合成

（形成胰岛素Insulin）

81
Q

核仁

A

store RNA

82
Q

IMPORTANT

amino acid and glucose进入绒毛腔 villi and 被细胞absorb diff

A

进入绒毛腔 villi (facilitated diff)

细胞吸收 （active t)

83
Q

red blood cell

A

no nucleus so can 腾出空间for more oxygen

84
Q

微血管

A

扁平状，有利于物质交换

也可保护身体

85
Q

真核细胞Eukaryotic cell

A

eg. 水稻细胞，酵母菌，黑霉菌

86
Q

RBC no nucleus

A

胎生哺乳类

87
Q

胆固醇cholesterol

A

increase 细胞膜稳定性

88
Q

proof cell mb have 脂质

A

细胞膜的亲水性分子会与脂质排斥，所以不容易通过细胞膜

89
Q

cell mb selective permeable means

A

细胞膜含有运输蛋白

90
Q

单膜胞器single mb organelle

A

高基斯体，内质网

91
Q

没有膜胞器

A

中心粒centrioles

92
Q

平滑内质网

A

储存和分解肝糖，运送葡萄糖

93
Q

粗糙内质网

A

修饰蛋白质，运送物质

94
Q

高基斯体

A

修饰蛋白质，分类包装

（分泌中心）

95
Q

核仁nucleolus

A

made up of RNA and protein

与核糖体ribosome形成有关系

96
Q

mito DNA inherit

A

母系遗传（来自卵细胞）

97
Q

溶体Lysosome

A

from 高基斯体

与老化胞器回收有关
（eg. tadpole)

含有很多水解酶hydrolytic enzymes，所以可以分解物质或消化或老化或死亡细胞

98
Q

细胞核nucleus

A

细胞生命中枢

99
Q

液泡vacuole

A

from 高基斯体
含有很多水解酶，来进行分解

储存水和各种有机物，使植物细胞具有适当的膨压

100
Q

主动运输Active transport

A

must take place in 活细胞

101
Q

导管xylem vessel

A

死细胞

102
Q

hypotonic

A

hypotonic, 细胞浓度大于溶液浓度

所以吸水膨胀，细胞内会因为吸水，而使渗透压变小，而膨胀压渐渐变大

103
Q

血小板

A

same with rbc, no nucleus

104
Q

only happen in 活细胞

A

active t
胞吐作用 Exocytosis
胞吞作用 Endocytosis

SR3 生物 (3 decks)

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