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SR3 生物 > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

原核生物Prokaryote包括什么

A

包括蓝绿菌，细菌，大肠杆菌，链霉菌
不包括病毒

（不具有膜的细胞器）

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2
Q

病毒具有什么

A

RNA

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3
Q

What is the substance found most in cells

A

organic substances (Protein)

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4
Q

Excess carbohydrates can transform into protein to store

A

true

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5
Q

附着力

A

水的轻微解离作用

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6
Q

内聚力·

A

水分子与水分子之间以氢键形成

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7
Q

附着力

A

水分子附着物以氢键形成

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8
Q

protein elements

A

no P

C,H,O,N,S (sometimes got S)

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9
Q

Why can ice float on water

A

水分子之间的氢键，当水在zero degrees become ice, hydrogen bond will make water molecules become 有规律的晶体结构式，结果体积大，密度变小，it will float on water

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10
Q

Glycoprotein

A

identify

protein cannot identify

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11
Q

protein function

A

cell can change shape, move and contract

催化代谢反应（enzymes)

facilitated diffusion and active transport
(carrier protein）

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12
Q

糖类

A

碳水化合物
(not because there are H and O)
(is cuz ratio of H and O 2:1 like water)

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13
Q

脂质

A

一个甘油，三个脂肪酸

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14
Q

amino acid

A

C,H,O,N

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15
Q

Nucleotide 核苷酸

A

氮碱基，五碳糖，磷酸组成

（nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group)

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16
Q

葡萄糖

A

生物体内是要能量来源

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17
Q

ATP

A

提供生物体直接活动能量

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18
Q

肝糖

A

Store in muscles and liver 的多糖Polysaccharide

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19
Q

蔗糖

A

植物运输的主要糖类

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20
Q

果糖和葡萄糖分子

A

分子式相同，结构式不同

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21
Q

核酸 nucleic acid

A

have RNA and DNA

mostly composed of 磷

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22
Q

metabolism use

A

glucose, then lipid then only protein

（thats why ppl will get very thin when in great hunger)

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23
Q

肽键

A

peptide bond

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24
Q

Adenine

A

腺嘌呤

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25
Guanine
鸟粪嘌呤
26
Thymine
胸腺嘧啶
27
Cytosine
胞嘧啶
28
腺嘌呤 and 核糖
Become 核苷 (Nucleoside)
29
ions for blood clot, nerve transmission and contraction of muscle cells
Ca2+
30
Vitamin
made up of CHON
31
Vitamin B and C
coenzymes
32
Plants can produce vitamins itself
true | not absorbed
33
DNA and RNA
核酸Nucleic acid 核苷酸Nucleotide的聚合物 deoxyribose nucleic acid (双股结构）ATCG ribose nucleic acid（单股结构）AUCG both are pentose sugar both have 磷根酸 both are double-helix molecular structure
34
vitamin D
the only vitamin that can be produced by human
35
nucleic acid 核酸 cannot 供应能量
true | only protein, glucose and lipid can
36
细胞学说
细胞来自己存在的细胞分裂产生
37
Robert Hooke
Have a lot of honeycomb chambers (cells) | only see cell wall
38
carbohydrates
CHO
39
protein
CHONS (NO P)
40
lipid
CHO
41
Nucleic acid 核酸
CHON
42
Vitamin
Is organic substance | CHON
43
sexual hormones
only have glycerol no fatty acids | not lipid) (is steroids
44
Nucleotide 核苷酸
Pentose sugar, phosphate grp and nitrogenous base | ATP, DNA, RNA have nucleotide
45
RNA
核糖Ribose and Pi
46
deoxyribose and ribose sugar are pentose sugar
true
47
尿嘧啶
Uracil (present in RNA）
48
Function of RNA
have enzyme 活性 病毒遗传物质 participate in the making of protein component of 核糖体ribosome
49
Glucose 长链大分子
多糖类 cellulose, glycogen, starch (not nucleic acid) (not maltose cuz its 双糖）
50
辅酶
not protein but small organic substance
51
原生质丝
植物细胞之间交流的管道
52
the cell membrane can form ATP
true
53
DNA 转录作用 | RNA 传递遗传信息
true
54
RNA 通过核膜控制细胞生理
true
55
DNA is formed by RNA
false
56
oxygen is produced by what initially
蓝绿藻Cyanobacteria
57
no nucleus, cells will not have 有丝分裂 mitosis
true
58
no 叶绿体cell no photosynthesis
false | 叶囊体with叶绿素also can
59
plant do not have
centrioles 中心粒
60
use microscope can observe in plants
nucleolus 核仁and Golgi apparatus 高基斯体
61
原核细胞
没有膜状胞器 | no 蛋白质
62
平滑内质网 | smooth ER
脂质的合成
63
进行包装分类 | modification
高基斯体
64
can produce ATP
Cell membrane, mitochondria, yls | cytoplasm cannot
65
核糖 ribose is a compound of
RNA 组成成分 ylt, mitochondria, tRNA, enzymes （all have RNA) bacteria plasmid only DNA ( so no)
66
water
90 percent osmosis | 10 percent simple or facilitated diff
67
protein condense
will become 二级三级四级
68
protein primary structure
amino acid
69
protein denature due to heating
二级三级四级被破坏
70
核苷酸nucleotide
组成核酸nucleic acid的单元分子
71
have RNA
means can form protein | ylt, mitochondria, 核糖体，rough ER etc
72
粒线体
细胞内的能量工厂
73
chromosomes染色体
made up of DNA and protein
74
nucleolus 核仁
made up of DNA and protein | 合成核糖体的场所
75
similarities btw ylt and mito
have 双层膜 have DNA can 自我分裂increase its no. (cuz have DNA) have 核糖体 ribose
76
原生质丝 Plasmodesma
only plants have 贯穿相邻植物细胞的细胞壁和细胞膜
77
centrioles
made from protein, 靠近细胞核
78
粒线体 mito
ATP 的生成
79
nucleus 细胞核
DNA replication
80
核糖体ribosome
蛋白质的合成 （形成胰岛素Insulin）
81
核仁
store RNA
82
IMPORTANT | amino acid and glucose进入绒毛腔 villi and 被细胞absorb diff
进入绒毛腔 villi (facilitated diff) | 细胞吸收 （active t)
83
red blood cell
no nucleus so can 腾出空间for more oxygen
84
微血管
扁平状，有利于物质交换 | 也可保护身体
85
真核细胞Eukaryotic cell
eg. 水稻细胞，酵母菌，黑霉菌
86
RBC no nucleus
胎生哺乳类
87
胆固醇cholesterol
increase 细胞膜稳定性
88
proof cell mb have 脂质
细胞膜的亲水性分子会与脂质排斥，所以不容易通过细胞膜
89
cell mb selective permeable means
细胞膜含有运输蛋白
90
单膜胞器single mb organelle
高基斯体，内质网
91
没有膜胞器
中心粒centrioles
92
平滑内质网
储存和分解肝糖，运送葡萄糖
93
粗糙内质网
修饰蛋白质，运送物质
94
高基斯体
修饰蛋白质，分类包装 | （分泌中心）
95
核仁nucleolus
made up of RNA and protein | 与核糖体ribosome形成有关系
96
mito DNA inherit
母系遗传（来自卵细胞）
97
溶体Lysosome
from 高基斯体 与老化胞器回收有关 （eg. tadpole) 含有很多水解酶hydrolytic enzymes，所以可以分解物质或消化或老化或死亡细胞
98
细胞核nucleus
细胞生命中枢
99
液泡vacuole
from 高基斯体 含有很多水解酶，来进行分解 储存水和各种有机物，使植物细胞具有适当的膨压
100
主动运输Active transport
must take place in 活细胞
101
导管xylem vessel
死细胞
102
hypotonic
hypotonic, 细胞浓度大于溶液浓度 所以吸水膨胀，细胞内会因为吸水，而使渗透压变小，而膨胀压渐渐变大
103
血小板
same with rbc, no nucleus
104
only happen in 活细胞
active t 胞吐作用 Exocytosis 胞吞作用 Endocytosis

SR3 生物 (3 decks)

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