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AQA A level Biology > Cells 1 > Flashcards

Cells 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

CSM

A

Is selectively permeable and allows the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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2
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Controls cell activities through transcription on mRNA

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3
Q

Nuclear pore

A

Allows substances to move e.g. mRNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

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4
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

makes ribosomes which are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

Is the site of aerobic respiration produces ATP for energy release

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

packages and modifies proteins
packages into vesicles for transport to CSM by exocytosis
Makes lysosomes

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7
Q

lysosomes

A

Are a type of Golgi apparatus
produces lysozymes that hydrolyse and destroys pathogens / enzymes

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8
Q

ribosomes

A

is the site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

RER

A

contain ribosomes
Fold polypeptides into 2/3 structure
packages vesicles to transport to the GA.

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10
Q

SER

A

contains no ribosomes
synthesises and processes lipids

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11
Q

Chloroplast ( plants / algae)

A

site of photosynthesis

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12
Q

Cell wall (plants/algae / fungi)

A

rigid structure surrounding cells in plants algae and fungi
Prevents the cell changing and bursting

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13
Q

Cell vacuole ( plants)

A

Contains cell sap
is a weak solution of sugars and salts ( tonoplasts)
maintains pressure in the cell
isolates unwanted chemicals in the cell

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14
Q

Specialised cell

A

the most basic structure in all living organisms.
specialised for a specific function

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15
Q

Tissue

A

group of specialized cells that join together to perform a particular function

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16
Q

Organ

A

a group of organised tissue working together to perform a particular function

17
Q

Organ system

A

is a group of organised organs working together to perform a particular function

18
Q

How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cell cytoplasm contains no membrane bound organelles e.g. mitochondria WHEREAS eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles
- Prokaryotic cell has no nucleus / contains free floating DNA WHEREAS eukaryotic cell has a nucleus containing DNA
- Prokaryotic DNA is circular and isn’t associated with proteins WHEREAS eukaryotic DNA is linear and is associated with proteins
- Prokaryotic cell wall contains murein and peptidoglycan WHEREAS eukaryotic cell wall is made of cellulose
- Prokaryotic cells have smaller 70s ribosomes WHEREAS eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes
- Prokaryotic cells may have…. one or more plasmid, a capsule, and/or one or more flagella

19
Q

Viruses

A

are acellular and non living

20
Q

What does acellular mean

A

not made up or able to be divide into cells

21
Q

What does non - living mean

A

unable to exist / reproduce without a host cell

AQA A level Biology (5 decks)

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