Cells 1 Flashcards
CSM
Is selectively permeable and allows the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Nuclear envelope
Controls cell activities through transcription on mRNA
Nuclear pore
Allows substances to move e.g. mRNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm
makes ribosomes which are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA
Mitochondria
Is the site of aerobic respiration produces ATP for energy release
Golgi apparatus
packages and modifies proteins
packages into vesicles for transport to CSM by exocytosis
Makes lysosomes
lysosomes
Are a type of Golgi apparatus
produces lysozymes that hydrolyse and destroys pathogens / enzymes
ribosomes
is the site of protein synthesis
RER
contain ribosomes
Fold polypeptides into 2/3 structure
packages vesicles to transport to the GA.
SER
contains no ribosomes
synthesises and processes lipids
Chloroplast ( plants / algae)
site of photosynthesis
Cell wall (plants/algae / fungi)
rigid structure surrounding cells in plants algae and fungi
Prevents the cell changing and bursting
Cell vacuole ( plants)
Contains cell sap
is a weak solution of sugars and salts ( tonoplasts)
maintains pressure in the cell
isolates unwanted chemicals in the cell
Specialised cell
the most basic structure in all living organisms.
specialised for a specific function
Tissue
group of specialized cells that join together to perform a particular function
Organ
a group of organised tissue working together to perform a particular function
Organ system
is a group of organised organs working together to perform a particular function
How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell cytoplasm contains no membrane bound organelles e.g. mitochondria WHEREAS eukaryotic cell contains membrane bound organelles
- Prokaryotic cell has no nucleus / contains free floating DNA WHEREAS eukaryotic cell has a nucleus containing DNA
- Prokaryotic DNA is circular and isn’t associated with proteins WHEREAS eukaryotic DNA is linear and is associated with proteins
- Prokaryotic cell wall contains murein and peptidoglycan WHEREAS eukaryotic cell wall is made of cellulose
- Prokaryotic cells have smaller 70s ribosomes WHEREAS eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes
- Prokaryotic cells may have…. one or more plasmid, a capsule, and/or one or more flagella
Viruses
are acellular and non living
What does acellular mean
not made up or able to be divide into cells
What does non - living mean
unable to exist / reproduce without a host cell
