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Cell wall synthesis- individual facts Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of action of all penicillins

A

Binds penicillin binding protein and inhibits transpeptidase action

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2
Q

Spectrum of penicillin

A

Gram+, some Gram-

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3
Q

Co drug treated with penicillin

A

Probenecid

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4
Q

Side effects of penicillin

A

Hypersensitivity, mild rash, anaphylaxis, seizure, nausea, diarrhea

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5
Q

Name Penicillinase-resistant penicillins

A

Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin, Antistaph penicillins

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6
Q

Reason why Nafcillin and Dicloxacillin are resistant to penicillinases

A

They have a larger R group

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7
Q

Spectrum of penicillinase-resistant penicillins

A

Very narrow, MSSA

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8
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanate, Sulbactam, Tazobactam

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9
Q

Amino-penicillins

A

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

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10
Q

Mechanism of aminopenicillins

A

Water soluble can pass through porins, bind to PBPs

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11
Q

Spectrum of aminopenicillins

A

Gram+, Gram-, wide spectrum

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12
Q

Co drugs for aminopenicillins

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanate, Ampicillin/sulbactam

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13
Q

Side effects of aminopenicillins

A

Hypersensitivity, ampicillin can cause pseudomembranous colitis

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14
Q

Resistance of aminopenicillins

A

Beta-lactamases

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15
Q

Anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

Ticarcillin, piperacillin

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16
Q

Spectrum of anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

Gram+, Gram-, mostly used to treat pseudomonas

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17
Q

Co-drugs for anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

Ticarcillin/clavulanate, pipercillin/tazobactam

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18
Q

Resistance of anti-pseudomonal penicillins

A

Penicillinase-susceptible

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19
Q

Monobactam drug

A

Aztreonam

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20
Q

Mechanism of action for monobactams

Aztreonam

A

Monocyclic beta-lactam, binds PBP

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21
Q

Spectrum of monobactams

Aztreonam

A

Gram-, Klebsiella, pseudomonas, serratia

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22
Q

Co-drugs for monobactams

Aztreonam

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

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23
Q

Resistance to monobactams

Aztreonam

A

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase

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24
Q

Concerns for cephalosporins

A

Excreted by kidney, watch for renal insufficiency. Cross hypersensitive with penicillin.

25
Q

Resistance to Cepaholosporins

A

Extended spectrum beta-lactamases

26
Q

Use for 1st gen cephalosporin (Cephalexin)

A

Surgical prophylaxis

27
Q

Spectrum for 1st gen ceph

28
Q

Use for 2nd gen cep (cefoxitin)

A

Immediately prior to surgery

29
Q

Spectrum of 2nd gen ceph

A

Gram-, weak against Gram+

30
Q

Concerns for 2nd gen ceph

A

Can inhibit Vit K production (increases bleeding)

31
Q

Spectrum for 3rd gen ceph

A

Strep, serious Gram-, meningitis

32
Q

Notes about 3rd gen ceph

A

Can cross the BBB, used to treat meningitis

33
Q

Side effects of 2nd gen ceph

A

Can create disulfiram-like rxn with EtOH

34
Q

Side effects of 3rd gen ceph

A

Can interact w/ Calcium to form crystals in lungs and kidneys

35
Q

Spectrum of 4th gen ceph

A

very broad, Gram+/-, pseudomonas

36
Q

Mechanism of action for 5th gen ceph

A

Binds to PBP 2a present in MRSA

37
Q

Spectrum for 5th gen ceph

A

MRSA, CABP, ABSSSI

38
Q

Carbapenems

A

Imipene, meropenem

39
Q

Spectrum of carbapenems

Imipene, meropenem

A

Broad, not MRSA

40
Q

Co drugs with carbapanems (and why)

Imipene, meropenem

A

Imipene/Cilistatin, prevents break down into toxic metabolite in vivo

41
Q

Side effects of carbapenems

Imipene, meropenem

A

GI distress, seizures if renal dysfuntion

42
Q

Resistance to carbapenems

Imipene, meropenem

A

Change in PBP, low susceptibility to beta-lactamase

43
Q

Mechanism of action of vancomycin

A

Binds to DADA terminus of cell wall precursor, inhibiting release from bactoprenol carrier. Inhibits transglycosylase reaction

44
Q

Spectrum of vancomycin

A

Gram+, MRSA, C. Diff

45
Q

Side effects of vancomycin

A

Red man syndrom, nephrotoxicity

46
Q

Resistance to vancomycin

A

Enterococci replace amino acids on terminus to prevent binding

47
Q

Use of bacitracin

A

topical and ophthalmic derm preps

48
Q

Mechanism of action of bacitracin

A

Prevents dephosphorylation of bactoprenel (wall elongation)

49
Q

Side effects of IM bacitracin

A

Nephrotoxic

50
Q

Resistance to bacitracin

51
Q

Mechanism of action of Polymyxin B

A

Binds to LPS to create holes and facilitate entry

52
Q

Spectrum of polymyxin B

A

Gram-, pseudomonas, klebsiella

53
Q

resistance to polymyxin B

A

Infreqent/slow

54
Q

Mechanism of daptomycin

A

Binds to cell membrane and aggregates, depolarizing cell wall

55
Q

Spectrum of daptomycin

A

Gram+, MRSA

56
Q

Resistance to daptomycin

A

Addition of lysin to cell surface (repels + charge of drug)

57
Q

Treatment of C. difficile

A

Vancomycin, Metromidzole, Fidaxomicin

58
Q

Treatment of MRSA

A

Vancomycin, Daptomycin

Antibacterial drugs (5 decks)

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