Cell Unit List #2

Question 1

Definition of semipermeable

Answer 1

Allowing passage of certain, especially small, molecules or ions but acting as a barrier to others. Ex. A cell membrane

Question 2

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 2

A two-layer arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that make up a cell’s membrane

Question 3

Explain Osmosis

Answer 3

The process by which water passes through a semipermeable membrane into a solution with higher concentration

Question 4

What does turgid mean?

Answer 4

To be inflated or swollen

Question 5

What is a vesicle?

Answer 5

A small sac filled with fluid

Question 6

What is exocytosis?

Answer 6

The export of matter out of a cell

Question 7

What is endocytosis?

Answer 7

The import of matter into a cell

Question 8

What is equilibrium?

Answer 8

The state of balance between opposite forces

Question 9

What is a hydrophilic molecule?

Answer 9

A molecule that readily accepts and absorbs water

Question 10

What is a hydrophobic molecule?

Answer 10

A kind of non-polar molecule that prefers other solvents over water

Question 11

What does the fluid mosaic model illustrate?

Answer 11

The plasma membrane of animal cells

Question 12

What is passive transport?

Answer 12

The movement of biochemicals and other substances across membranes that does not require any energy

Question 13

What’s active transport?

Answer 13

The movement of biochemicals and other substances across a membrane moving against the concentration gradient

Question 14

What is simple diffusion?

Answer 14

When a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an intermediary

Question 15

What’s the concentration gradient?

Answer 15

The gradual change in concentration of solutes in a solution

Question 16

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 16

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes

Question 17

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 17

A solution with equal osmotic pressure

Question 18

What’s a hypertonic solution?

Answer 18

A solution with higher concentrations of solutes

Question 19

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 19

A type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins

Question 20

What’s a channel protein?

Answer 20

These are trans-membrane proteins that control voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of cells

Question 21

What is a carrier protein?

Answer 21

These are proteins involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules across a biological membrane.

Question 22

What is aquaporin?

Answer 22

These are particles embedded in the cell membrane that regulate the flow of water.

Question 23

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 23

It is the energy currency of life

Question 24

What is the function of ADP?

Answer 24

These are important energy transfer molecules in cells

Question 25

Describe a Protein pump

Answer 25

It is a protein capable of pumping out compounds that could pose a threat to the cell

Question 26

What is pinocytosis?

Answer 26

The import of liquids into a cell

Question 27

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 27

The import of solids into a cell

Question 28

What is the interphase?

Answer 28

The phase of the cell cycle in which the cell spends the majority of its time.

Question 29

What is mitosis?

Answer 29

The process in which a eukaryotic cell duplicates its contents and splits into two identical daughter cells

Question 30

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 30

The process in which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell is divided to form two equal new cells

Question 31

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 31

The series of events that take place leading to its division and duplication