Cell Ultrastructure Flashcards
Function of Cytoskeleton
Provides mechanical strength to cells
Aids transport within cell
Enables cell movement
Function of Nucleus
Houses nearly all cell’s genetic information, allowing it to control its activities via the chromatin, nucleolus and nuclear envelope
Function of Chromatin, Nucleolus & Nuclear Envelope
- consists of DNA & proteins regulating cell activity
- makes RNA and turns into ribosomes to move to rough ER
- marked with nuclear pores allowing for exchange of large molecules
Function of Rough ER
Transports proteins made on its attached ribosomes
Function of Smooth ER
Makes lipids and carbohydrates the cell needs and stores them
Function of Golgi Apparatus
Modifies proteins and packs them into vesicles
Function of Ribosome (state the sizes)
Site of protein synthesis
Acts as an assembly line for coded information from the nucleus to be used to make proteins from amino acids
>20nm - Eukaryotes
≤20nm - Prokaryotes
Function of Mitochondria
Energy-generating organelle, using aerobic respiration to produce ATP
Function of Lysosome
Spherical vesicles containing powerful digestive enzymes to break down waste materials/pathogens
Function of Chloroplast
Responsible for photosynthesis
Function of Plasma Membrane
Regulates movement in/out of cell
Function of Centriole
Self-replicating component of the cytoskeleton, involved in the assembly and organisation of spindle fibres during cell division
Function of Cell Wall (state the types)
Gives shape to the cell, preventing pathogens from invading
Polysaccharide - Prokaryotes
Cellulose - Plants
Chitin - Fungi
Function of Cilia
Helps to move fluids/materials past an immobile/mobile cell(s)
Function of Flagella
Essential for transport of organisms
Function of Vacuole
Maintains the turgor of the cell
Stages of Protein Synthesis
- Instructions to make protein in DNA in nucleus
- Gene is on chromosome
- Nucleus copies instructions in DNA to mRNA
- mRNA leaves nucleus through nuclear pore and attaches to a ribosome, attached to the rough ER
- Ribosome reads instructions in DNA to mRNA
- Assembled protein inside rough ER is gone in vesicle to Golgi Apparatus
- Golgi Apparatus receives proteins and modifies
- It packages modified protein into vesicle to go to the cell membrane which is released out
