Cell Types and functions

Question 1

Lysosomes

Answer 1

Contains digestive enzymes to break down harmful substances

Question 2

Cytoskeleton

Answer 2

Network of proteins found within the cytoplasm for support and structure

Question 3

Vesicle

Answer 3

Transports proteins throughout the cell

Question 4

Prokaryote

Answer 4

Cell with no nucleus or membrane-bound structures

Question 5

Cytoplasm

Answer 5

Clear gel-like fluid in cells that holds the organelles

Question 6

Flagella

Answer 6

Long hair-like projection used for movement in cells; uses a whip-like motion

Question 7

Nucleus

Answer 7

Where DNA is stored in a eukaryotic cell

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

Organelle that hugs the nucleus and has ribosomes attached to it

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Firm, fairly rigid structure found outside of plans for support

Question 10

Mitochondira

Answer 10

Breaks down food into usable energy in a process called cellular respiration

Question 11

Vacuole

Answer 11

Storage for the cell

Question 12

Eukaryote

Answer 12

Cell with membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Short numerous hair-like projections that move in wave patterns for movement

Question 14

Cell membrane

Answer 14

Serves as a semi-permeable boundary between the cell and its enviroment

Question 15

Golgi apparatus

Answer 15

Packages and modifies proteins

Question 16

Choroplast

Answer 16

Organelle in plants that uses light energy to make glucose in a process called photosynthesis

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Where proteins are made

Question 18

Nucleolous

Answer 18

Inside of nucleus and makes RNA

Question 19

Smooth ER

Answer 19

No ribosomes, makes lipids, stores Ca^+2

Question 20

Binary fission

Answer 20

Prokaryotic

Question 21

Mitosis

Answer 21

Eukaryotic

Question 22

Hypotonic

Answer 22

H2O goes into cell= cell swells

Question 23

Hypertonic

Answer 23

H2O leaves cell= cell shirvles

Question 24

How is homeostasis maintained at the cellular level

Answer 24

Through feedback mechanisms

Question 25

Stimulus

Answer 25

Change in enviroment

Question 26

Response

Answer 26

A change in the organism, as a result of a stimulus

Question 27

Much of homeostasis on the cellular level is maintained by the _____

Answer 27

cell membrane

Question 28

What passes easily through Cell Membrane

Answer 28

things that are small, nonpolar, hydrophobic and/or neutral, as well as water

Question 29

What doesn't pass easily through Cell Membrane

Answer 29

Polar and/or large molecules

Question 30

Passive Transport

Answer 30

requires no extra energy; down the concentration gradient

Question 31

Active Transport

Answer 31

Requires extra energy; against the concentration gradient

Question 32

Apoptosis

Answer 32

Programmed cell death (ex: web fingers & toes during development)

Question 33

Mitosis

Answer 33

The division phase of the cell (1 cell becomes 2 identical daughter cells)

Question 34

Mitosis Phases

Answer 34

Prophase; Metaphase; Anaphase; Telophase' Cytokinesis begins

Question 35

Prophase

Answer 35

1. Chromosomes condense & are visible as sister chromatids 2. Nuclear membrane disappears 3, spindle fibers show

Question 36

Metaphase

Answer 36

Chromosomes line up in middle of the cell

Question 37

Anaphase

Answer 37

Sister chromatids pull away from each other to opposite ends of the cel

Question 38

Telophase

Answer 38

Nuclear membrane re-forms. Chromosomes decondense and start to look like chromatin (threadlike instead of rodlike). Cytokinesis begins

Question 39

Cytokinesis

Answer 39

The division into 2 individual cells. Plant cells: A cell plate forms midway and develops into a membrane Animal cells: Forms a cleavage furrow that pinches the cell

Question 40

Cancer

Answer 40

Uncontrolled cell division

Question 41

Tumors

Answer 41

Clumps of cells that divide uncontrollably

Question 42

Difference between cancer and healthy cells

Answer 42

Cancer cells divide much more often than healthy cells do

Question 43

How many chromosomes cells will be at the end of mitosis

Answer 43

46