Cell Types 1.1

Question 1

Where are eukaryotic cells found?

Answer 1

Plants, fungi, animals, and protists

Question 2

How big are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

10-100 micrometres

Question 3

What is a eukaryote made up of?

Answer 3

A eukaryote is an organism made up of eukaryotic cells.

Question 4

What is an example of a prokaryote?

Answer 4

Bacteria

Question 5

How big are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 5

0.1- 5.0 micrometers

Question 6

Name the 2 different types of cells?

Answer 6

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 7

Plants and animals are made up of what type of cell?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic

Question 8

What type of cell is 10-100 µm in size?

Answer 8

Eukaryotic

Question 9

What type of cell is 0.1-5.0 µm in size?

Answer 9

Prokaryotic

Question 10

What do Prokaryotic cells not contain?

Answer 10

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus

Question 11

Instead of a nucleus where do prokaryotic cells store their genetic information?

Answer 11

Their genetic material is stored in a single loop of DNA in the cytoplasm

Question 12

What are the small rings of DNA called in a Prokaryotic cells and how many do they have?

Answer 12

Rings of DNA are called plasmids and there could be 1 or more of them in each cell.

Question 13

Can plasmids replicate?

Answer 13

Yes so genetic information can be shared

Question 14

Is the cell membrane permeable?

Answer 14

Yes it controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 15

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 15

Chromosomes which contain the cell’s genetic material

Question 16

Mitochondria function.

Answer 16

Where aerobic respiration takes place. Uses glucose and oxygen to release energy.

Question 17

Function of ribosomes.

Answer 17

Synthesises (makes) the proteins

Question 18

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 18

Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place.

Question 19

Name 3 types of animal cells.

Answer 19

Skin Cells
Muscle Cells
Blood Cells
Nerve Cells
Fat Cells

Question 20

Name the 5 things that a typical animal cells contain.

Answer 20

1. Nucleus
2. Ribosomes
3. Cytoplasm
4. Mitochondria
5. Cell membrane

Question 21

What does a permanent vacuoles do?

Answer 21

Fluid filled sac that stores water.
Enclosed in a membrane.
Can make up to 90% of a plant cells volume.

Question 22

Chloroplasts purpose.

Answer 22

Contains chlorophyll, needed for photosynthesis.

Question 23

Cell wall purpose.

Answer 23

Gives structural strength to cell.
Surrounds cell and is made or cellulose.

Question 24

Name the 4 things that a typical plant cells contain.

Answer 24

Permanent vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, and chloroplasts.

Question 25

What is a flagella?

Answer 25

Tail-like structure on the end of a cell used for movement.

Question 26

What 5 structures does a usual bacteria cell include? (Prokaryotic)

Answer 26

1. Cytoplasm 2. Cell wall and membrane 3. Flagella (sometimes) 4. Plasmids 5. Ribosomes

Question 27

Why does a sperm cell have a flagella?

Answer 27

Because the role of the sperm cell is too penetrate the egg cell so it uses it to travel there.

Question 28

Why does a sperm cell have lots of mitochondria in the middle section of the cell?

Answer 28

To provide the cell with lots of energy it needs to complete the long distance to the egg.

Question 29

What is in the head of a sperm cell?

Answer 29

The ‘head’ contains the sperm cell’s nucleus. The nucleus carries one half of an organism’s genetic material. This combines with the egg cell's half of genetic material to fertilise the egg cell.

Question 30

What does acrosome do in a sperm cell?

Answer 30

It is an enzyme at the tip of the head needed to penetrate the egg cell.

Question 31

When an egg cell is fertilised by a sperm cell what does it become?

Answer 31

A zygote

Question 32

What type of nucleus does an egg cell and sperm cell contain and what does it do?

Answer 32

A haploid nucleus. It contains half the genetic information for the new zygote. The sperm cell provides the other half.

Question 33

What is the cytoplasm especially filled with in an egg cell?

Answer 33

Lots of nutrients to help the zygote grow.

Question 34

What does the egg cell do after a sperm cell has fertilised it?

Answer 34

The cell membrane changes it's structure so no more can enter it.

Question 35

What type of cell lines the airways?

Answer 35

Ciliated Epithelial cells

Question 36

What is the function of Ciliated Epithelial cells?

Answer 36

Waft mucus to the back of the throat to be swallowed.

Question 37

What is the name of the hair-like structures on cells called?

Answer 37

Cilia

Question 38

What do sperm and ciliated epithelia cells have in common?

Answer 38

Many mitochondria

Question 39

What is magnification?

Answer 39

How many times larger an image seen through a microscope is compared to the real object.

Question 40

What is resolution?

Answer 40

The ability to distinguish between 2 or more objects that are close together.

Question 41

If a cell has the diameter of 0.001cm and the image after it had been magnified has a diameter of 5cm. What is the the magnification?

Answer 41

5 cm/0.001 cm = x5000

Question 42

What is a light microscope?

Answer 42

A light microscope passes light through a specimen and creates a magnified image using lenses

Question 43

When was the first light microscope invented?

Answer 43

Late 16th century