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Histology 3 > Cell type > Flashcards

Cell type Flashcards

1
Q

Prokaryotic DNA is found in the central part of the cell: a darkened region called

A

the nucleoid

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2
Q

Which of the following is true about somatic and gamete cells
A. Somatic cell- produced through mitosis
B. Somatic cell- contain diploids
C. somatic cell contain 23 chromosome while gamete cell contain 46 chromosome
D. Gamete cell - contain haploid
E. Gamete cell- produced through miosis

A

C
somatic- 46 chromosome
gamete- 23 chromosome

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3
Q

………… a specialized cellular part that has a specific function and is considered analogous to an organ.

A

Organelle

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4
Q

which of the following is true about plasma membrane?
A. protein molecules constitute approximately half of the total membrane mass.
B. integral membrane proteins pass through the lipid bilayer
C. peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded within the lipid bilayer. They are associated with the plasma membrane by strong ionic interactions.
D. The structure of phospholipids consists of a polar head group containing phosphate attached to 2 fatty acid chains with glycerol.
E. All

A

E

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5
Q

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A
  • regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane.
  • maintains the structure of the cell membrane.
  • phospholipid molecules from moving too far apart or getting too close to each other. – homeostasis.
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6
Q

………….is a glycoprotein and glycolipid covering that surrounds the cell membranes

A

glycocalyx

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7
Q

Which of the following is not true?
A. The distribution and movement of proteins within the lipid bilayer is not random.
B. Lipid rafts contain a variety of integral and peripheral membrane proteins involved in cell signaling
C. Signal transduction in lipid rafts occurs more rapidly and efficiently because of the close proximity of interacting proteins.
D. lipid raft cannot move from one region of the cell membrane to another.
E. None

A

D

lipid raft can move from one region of the cell membrane to another.

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8
Q

Which of the following is true about lipid raft?
A. They can be viewed as “signaling platforms’’
B. lipid raft area is thicker and exhibits less fluidity than the surrounding plasma membrane.
C. different signaling rafts allow for the separation of specific signaling molecules from each other.
D.All

A

D

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9
Q

which type of integral protein does this?

A
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9
Q

which type of integral protein does this?

  1. serve to transport certain ions, such as Na+, actively across membranes.
  2. form junctions with neighboring cells.
  3. allow the passage of small ions, molecules, and water across the plasma membrane in either direction with passive diffusion
  4. allow recognition and localized binding of ligands molecules that bind to the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane.
  5. anchor intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix
A
  1. pump
  2. structural protein
  3. channel protein
  4. receptor protein
  5. linker protein
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10
Q

channel proteins contain ………… that partially penetrates the membrane bilayer and serves as the ion- selectivity filter.

A

a pore domain

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11
Q

which of the following is false about channel protein?
A. Channels are ion selective and are regulated on the basis of the cell’s needs.
B. voltage-gated ion channels work in neurons – neurotransmitters
C. ligand gated ion channels is the type of ion channel in acetylcholine receptors in muscle
D. Channel protein transport can be regulated by membrane potentials
E. none
F. All

A

E

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12
Q

………..is a process that involves configurational changes in the plasma membrane at localized sites and subsequent formation of vesicles from the membrane or fusion of vesicles with the membrane.

A

vesicular transport

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13
Q

The major mechanism by which large molecules enter, leave, and move within the cell is called ………

A

vesicle budding

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14
Q

Which of the following is true?
I. Pinocytosis is the incorporation of fluid and small molecules into the cell in small vesicles less than 150 nm
II. In phagocytosis, a depression occurs in the cell membrane.
III. In pinocytosis, The plasma membrane takes the particle into the cell in large vesicles by forming extensions towards the part where the particle to be taken into the cell is.
IV. Phagocytosis is the ingestion of debris, bacteria and foreign material into the cell.
V. pseudopods is an extension made to engulf particles in phagocytosis

A. I, III, IV
B. I, IV, V
C. II, III, IV
D. I, II, V

A

B
In pinocytosis, a depression occurs in the cell membrane.
In phagocytosis, The plasma membrane takes the particle into the cell in large vesicles by forming extensions (pseudopod) towards the part where the particle to be taken into the cell is.

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15
Q

Pseudopod structures formed during ingestion are realized by depolarization and repolarization of actin filaments in the cytoplasm.
what type of endocytosis is this?

A

actin-dependent endocytosis

16
Q

write the structure that define the function related to receptor mediated endocytosis
……….bind to coated pit to help the plasma membrane invaginate into cytoplasm.
………..a coater protein complex that help select suitable cargo molecule to transport into the cell
………a GTPase enzyme that separates the forming clathrin coated vesicle from plasma membrane.

A

Clathrin
Adaptin
Dynamine

17
Q

Which of the following is true?
A. Molecules formed by the cell for export are transmitted from the region where they are formed to the Golgi apparatus.
B. intracellular movements of secretory products are provided by specific proteins (COP-I and COP-II) on their surfaces.
C. Exocytosis and endocytosis mechanisms play a role in maintaining cell membrane size.
D. All

A

D

18
Q

In ……………………, substances designated for export are continuously delivered in transport vesicles to the plasma membrane.
In ………………….., specialized cells, such as endocrine and exocrine cells and neurons, concentrate secretory proteins and transiently store them in secretory vesicles within the cytoplasm.

A

the constitutive secretion pathway

the regulated secretory pathway

19
Q

Which of the following is false?
A. In the regulated secretory pathway, a regulatory event (hormonal or neural stimulus) must be activated for secretion to occur.
B. regulated secretory pathways are used for delivery of organelle-specific proteins, such as lysosomal structural proteins
C. Proteins that leave the cell by constitutive pathway are secreted long after their synthesis and exit from the Golgi apparatus
D. secretion of immunoglobulins by plasma cells and of procollagen by fibroblasts is an example of constitutive pathway secretion
E. None

A

C
Proteins that leave the cell by constitutive pathway are secreted immediately after their synthesis and exit from the Golgi apparatus

20
Q

which type of cell signaling is described below

  1. Has a special structure called the synapse between the cell originating and the cell receiving the signal
  2. the signaling molecules(hormones) are secreted by specialized endocrine cells and carried through the circulation to act on target cells at distant body sites.
  3. cell signal released from thecellbinds to the same cell
  4. the target cell is close /alongside of original cell
A
  1. synaptic
  2. endocrine
  3. autocrine
  4. paracrine
21
Q

……………is a fluid present in the cell membrane

A

cytosol

22
Q

………..is cell component present inside cell membrane

A

cytoplasm

23
Q

Which of the following is false about cytoplasm
I. semi fluid, translucent and can’t pass through membrane
II. area for biochemical reaction
III. soluble in water and has colloid structure
IV. colorless and alive
V. ensure movement of organelles
VI. vital activities of the cell happens in it

A. I and III
B. I only
C. III only
D. I , III, IV

A

C

its insoluble in water

24
Q

Which of the following is not included in the functions of Nucleus?
A. Site of DNA replication and transcription
B. Storage for DNA
C. Ribosomal formation
D. Site for translation
E. control of all cell activities

A

D

25
Q

Which of the following is false?
A. nucleoplasm is nuclear content other than the chromatin and nucleolus.
B. Chromatin, is nuclear material i.e. DNA associated with nuclear proteins
C. Chromatin, is nuclear material containing DNA associated with nuclear proteins
D. nucleolus is a small area within the nucleus that contains DNA in the form of transcriptionally active ribosomal RNA genes, RNA, and proteins.
E. None

A

E

26
Q 
Which of the following are not acidic?
A. DNA
B. RNA in ribosome
C. RNA in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
D. All except B
E. All Except C
F. None
A

F

27
Q

True/False
DNA must be highly folded and tightly packed in the cell nucleus because The length of the DNA molecule is 100,000 times longer than the nuclear diameter.

A

True

28
Q

The high folding and tight packaging of DNA in the cell nucleus is accomplished by the formation of a unique nucleoprotein complex called ……………

A

chromatin

29
Q

Further folding of chromatin, such as that which occurs during mitosis, produces structures called ………

A

chromosomes.

30
Q

What is the difference between hetrochromatin and euchromatin?

A

Heterochromatin is highly condensed chromatin which is densely stained
Euchromatin is a lightly stained material where most transcribed genes are located

31
Q 
In which of the following cell does Heterochromatin cell predominant?
A. Neuron cell
B. Lymphocytes
C. Sperm Cell
D. liver cell
E. Plasma cell
A

Euchromatin- metabolically active cell -liver and neuron
Heterochromatin -metabolically inactive cell -lymphocytes and sperm
-cell that produce one major product- plasma cell

32
Q

The smallest units of chromatin structure are macromolecular complexes of DNA and histones called ………..

A

nucleosomes.

33
Q 
Which of the following is not included in octamers (the eight histone molecules?
A. H1
B. H2A
C. H2B
D. H3
E. H4
A

A

34
Q

True/False

Three loops of DNA (approximately 146 nucleotide pairs) are wrapped around the core octomer.

A

False

2 loops of DNA

Histology 3 (3 decks)

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