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BIOL214 > cell/tissue > Flashcards

cell/tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what is a cell?

A

cell is the smallest structural/functional unit of an organism consisting of many working components

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2
Q

homeostasis

A

process by which an internal environment is kept constant despite a constantly changing external environment

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3
Q

organelles

A

subcellular structure that has one or more specific functions within a cell

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4
Q

things to know about cells:

A

-not all cells are created equal
-different types and numbers of organelles (muscle cells contain high levels of mitochondria for energy)
-different organelles entirely (plant v animal cells)

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5
Q

cell division

mitosis

A

cells reproduce through this process im which the cell cleaves in two after key components have been duplicated

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6
Q

what do cells initially begin in?

A

interphase

cell grow and DNA is duplicated

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7
Q

cell division

four stages

A

prophase - metaphase - anaphase - telophase

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8
Q

prophase

A

-dna condenses into 23 distinct pairs of chromosomes
-nuclear membranes disperses
-each pair is joined together by a protein bridge called a centromere

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9
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes align themselves midway between poles

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10
Q

anaphase

A

chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

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11
Q

telophase

A

-nuclear membrane begins to form and chromosomes decondense into chromatin
-cell membrane begins to pinch eventually cleaving in two (cytokinesis)

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12
Q

chromatin

A

a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms

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13
Q

cytokinesis

A

part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells

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14
Q

tissues

4 types of tissues

A
  • epithelial
  • connective
  • muscular
  • nervous
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15
Q

epithelial tissue

shapes

A
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
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16
Q

epithelial tissue

layers

A
  • simple
  • stratified
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17
Q

epithelial tissue

squamous function

A

forms a membrane that allows selective diffusion of materials

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18
Q

epithelial tissue

cuboidal function

A

-help with absorption, secretion, and excretion
-found in kidneys, pancreas, and salivary glands

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19
Q

epithelial tissue

columnar function

A

-primarily for protection / sometimes excretion, secretion, and excretion
-found in digestive, reproductive, and respiratory tracts, and more

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20
Q

epithelial tissue

ciliated columnar function

A
  • aid with movement of substances
  • found mostly in respiratory tract to help push mucous and air through
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21
Q

epithelial tissue

how many layers is simple?

A

one layer

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22
Q

epithelial tissue

how many layers is stratified?

A

numerous layers

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23
Q

epithelial tissue

difference between simple v stratified in terms of function

A

simple is very thin and good for filtration and absorbtion while stratified allows for more protection

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24
Q

epithelial tissue

how to name:

A

number of layers + shape + epithelial tissue

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25
Q

epithelial tissue

location of epithelial tissue

A

lines body cavities and parts of body exposed to outside world

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26
Q

location of simple columnar

A

found in intestinal tract and the lumens of some secretory ducts, lines bronchi and uterine tubes

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27
Q

connective tissue

how many times of connective tissue?

A

4 basic types with subcategories:
-connective tissue proper
-cartilage
-bone
-blood

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28
Q

connective tissue proper

three types of loose connective tissue

A

-adipose
-areolar
-reticular

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29
Q

connective tissue proper

loose

A

lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and adipocytes

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30
Q

connective tissue proper

loose areolar

A

cell type: fibroblast
fiber type: collagen, reticular, and elastic
function: wraps and cushions organs; holds and conveys tissue fluid during inflammation
location: under epithelia, packages organs, surrounds capillaries

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31
Q

connective tissue proper

loose adipose

A

cell type: adipocytes
function: Energy
storage; soft padding
between moving
organs and joints;
heat conservation
location: Surrounds
organs/joints; dermis
of the skin; female
breast

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32
Q

connective tissue proper

loose reticular

A

fiber type: reticular
function: Fibers
create a skeleton-
like framework to
support other cell
types
location: Spleen,
lymph nodes, bone
marrow, liver

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33
Q

connective tissue proper

dense types

A

regular and irregular

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34
Q

connective tissue proper

what does dense tissue have?

A

has fibroblasts

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35
Q

connective tissue proper

dense regular

A

cell types: fibroblasts
fiber type: collagen
function: Forms
tendons and
ligaments; withstands
great tensile strength
in one direction
location: endons,
ligaments,
aponeuroses

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36
Q

connective tissue proper

dense irregular

A

cell type: fibroblasts
fiber type: collagen
function: withstands tensile strength from many directions
location: dermis of skin, joint capsules, vessels

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37
Q

connective tissue

types of cartilage

A

-hyaline
-elastic
-fibrocartilage

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38
Q

connective tissue

what does cartilage have?

A

has chondrocytes

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39
Q

connective tissue

hyaline cartilage

A

cell type: chondrocytes
function: support and protection
location: trachea, larynx, costal cartilage, nose, ends of long bones

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40
Q

connective tissue

elastic cartilage

A

cell type: chondrocytes
function: provides support with flexibility
locaiton: external ear and epiglottis

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41
Q

connective tissue

fibrocartilage

A

cell type: fibroblast
function: absorb compressive shock
location: intevertebral discs, pubic symphisis, meniscus of knee joint

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42
Q

connective tissue

bone

A

cell type: osteocytes
function: support for the body; protection; storage of minerals
location: skeleton

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43
Q

connective tissue

blood

A

cell type: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes/platelets
function: transport of nutrients and waste products
location: within blood vessels

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44
Q

muscle tissue

three types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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45
Q

muscle tissue

skeletal: v or iv

A

voluntary

46
Q

muscle tissue

cardiac: v or iv

A

involuntary

47
Q

muscle tissue

smooth: v or iv

A

involuntary

48
Q

muscle tissue

skeletal tissue function

A

move bones and produce heat

49
Q

muscle tissue

cardiac tissue function

A

synchronized contraction of heart to push blood throughout the body

50
Q

muscle tissue

smooth tissue function

A

contractions push material through a tract and adjusts diameter of blood vessels

51
Q

nervous tissue

functions of nervous tissue

A

transmit and process information throughout the body and can be divided into two groups based on functionality

52
Q

nervous tissue

two groups of nervous tissue:

A

neurons and neuroglia

53
Q

nervous tissue

neurons

A

provide primary electrical pathways

NOT TISSUE TYPES

54
Q

nervous tissue

neuroglia

A

supporting cells that aid neuron

NOT TISSUE TYPES

55
Q

identifying tissue types

A

squamous

56
Q
A

cuboidal

57
Q
A

columnar (ciliated)

58
Q
A

loose adipose

59
Q
A

loose areolar

60
Q
A

loose reticular

61
Q
A

loose areolar

62
Q
A

loose areolar

63
Q
A

loose adipose

64
Q
A

loose reticular

65
Q
A

loose reticular

66
Q
A

dense regular

67
Q
A

dense regular

68
Q
A

dense irregular

69
Q
A

dense irregular

70
Q
A

elastic cartilage

71
Q
A

fibrocartilage

72
Q
A

hyaline cartilage

73
Q
A

hyaline cartilage

74
Q
A

elastic cartilage

75
Q
A

elastic cartilage

76
Q
A

fibrocartilage

77
Q
A

fibrocartilage

78
Q
A

fibrocartilage

79
Q
A

bone

80
Q
A

blood

81
Q
A

bone

82
Q
A

blood

83
Q
A

cardiac muscle tissue

84
Q
A

skeletal muscle tissue

85
Q
A

smooth muscle tissue

86
Q
A

simple squamous

87
Q
A

simple squamous

88
Q
A

simple squamous

89
Q
A

stratified squamous

90
Q
A

stratified squamous

91
Q
A

stratified squamous

92
Q
A

simple cuboidal

93
Q
A

simple cuboidal

94
Q
A

simple cuboidal

95
Q
A

simple cuboidal

96
Q
A

stratified cuboidal

97
Q
A

stratified cuboidal

98
Q
A

stratified cuboidal

99
Q
A

simple columnar

100
Q
A

simple columnar

101
Q
A

simple columnar

102
Q
A

stratified columnar

103
Q
A

stratified columnar

104
Q
A

nervous tissue (neuron)

105
Q
A

nervous tissue

106
Q
A

nervous tissue

107
Q
A
108
Q
A

prophase

109
Q
A

metaphase

110
Q
A

anaphase

111
Q
A

telophase

112
Q
A

loose adipose

BIOL214 (1 decks)

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