Cell Theory/Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration 5.1-6.5 Flashcards
Hydrophilic
Water loving
Prokaryotic cell
Cells with no nucl us and are missing other organelles
Eukaryotic cell
Have nucleus and most organelles
Animal Cell
No cell wall no chloroplast, vacuoles are small or none
Cell wall
Outer structure made of cellulose that provides structure
Chloroplast
Contain the green pigment chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis
Vacuoles
Organelle that provide extra water storage and pressure
Plastids
Organelles that hold different color pigments in things such as flower or fruit
Cell membrane is semi permeable what does this mean?
It means that it only allows certain molecules to pass through
Diffusion
The net movement or molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Concentration Gradient
The difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and the concentration in an adjacent area
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semi permeable membrane
Hypertonic Solution
The concentration of solutes is higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell
Hypotonic
The concentration of solutes is lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell
Isotonic
The concentration of solutes equals the concentration of solutes inside the cell
Facilitated Diffusion
Use of carrier proteins for diffusion
Active Transport
When energy is used to transport molecules across the membrane
Bulk transport
Large molecules food and other substances are packaged in membrane band sacs and moved across the membrane
Endocytosis
Cell membrane folds into a pouch that encloses the particles
Pinocytosis
Cell membrane encloses a droplet of fluid and brings it to the cell
Phagocytosis
Cell membrane encloses food particles and brings it to the cell
Exocytosis
Waste and cell products leave the cell
Energy
The ability to do work
Work
The ability to cause a change in other matter
Autotrophs
Organisms that make chemical energy from light energy (photosynthesis)
Heterotrophs
Organisms that must consume the matter of other organisms for energy (consumers)
Photosynthesis
The process by which autotrophs convert light energy into a useable form of chemical energy called glucose
What’s the Equation of photosynthesis
C02+H20+ light energy= C6H12O6+O2
Photosynthesis occurs where
Chloroplast
What are the the two reactions of photosynthesis
Dark and light reaction
Light reaction
Needs light to occur
Dark reaction
Does not need light to occur
What does all life require
Energy and energy conversions
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
What’s ATP used for
It’s an energy storage molecule that transfers energy from food to energy for cells and life processes
Thylakoid
Disk shaped structures that contain photosynthetic pigments
Stroma
Gel like matrix that surrounds the thylakoids
Grana
Neatly folded thylakoids that resemble stacks of pancakes
Acrobic Cellular Resipration
The process by which food molecule(glucose) are broken down with oxygen to release energy
Equation of Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6+O2 = Co2+H20+Energy (36 ATP)
What does the energy of glucose do in cellular respiration
It converts ADP and P into ATP
Where does cell respiration take place
In the mitochondria of all organisms
Anaerobic Respiration
Respiration that takes place without oxygen
Alcoholic fermentation
Anaerobic respiration that produces C02 and ethanol used for baking, brewing alcohol
Equation of Alcoholic Fermentation
C6H12O6 = C2H5OH+Co2 + 4 ATP
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration that produces Lactic Acid
when your muscles run out of O2 the lactic acid builds up causes your muscles to burn
Equation of Lactic Acid Fermentation
C6H12O6 = lactic acid +4 ATP
Hydrophilic
Water fearing
