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bio unit 1,2 > cell theory + microscopes > Flashcards

cell theory + microscopes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell theory?

A
  1. All organisms are made up of cells
  2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
  3. The cell is the smallest living organisational unit.
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2
Q

Who disproved spontaneous generation of cells?

A

Louis Pasteur.

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3
Q

What is magnification in microscopy?

A

Magnification enlarges the image.

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4
Q

What are the two main types of microscopes?

A

Light microscopes and electron microscopes.

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5
Q

What is the highest magnification achievable with a light microscope?

A

1500x.

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6
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

Provides support and protection, allows H2O, O2, and CO2 to pass.

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7
Q

What type of cells have a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic cells.

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8
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Convert RNA instructions into protein.

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9
Q

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

A

Transforms energy into usable compounds by breaking down food through cellular respiration.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Prokaryotes have _______ and do not have _.

A

circular DNA, a nucleus

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11
Q

What are the two types of electron microscopes?

A

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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12
Q

What is the primary difference between SEM and TEM?

A

SEM creates an image by detecting reflected electrons, while TEM uses transmitted electrons.

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13
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.

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14
Q

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

A

Support structure within cytoplasm, assists in cell movement and transport of organelles.

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15
Q

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Flexible, often made of a phospholipid bilayer.

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16
Q

True or False: All cells have a cell wall.

A

False.

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17
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Captures light energy and makes food through photosynthesis.

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18
Q

What do prokaryotic cells lack?

A

Membrane-bound organelles.

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19
Q

What is the primary component of the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol.

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20
Q

What type of organism is classified as prokaryotic?

A

Bacteria.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain _______ organelles.

A

membrane-bound.

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22
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Rough ER synthesizes proteins, smooth ER makes and stores lipids.

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23
Q

What is the size of most bacteria?

24
Q

What are vesicles?

A

Small membrane-bound containers.

25
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Controls substances entering and exiting cells.
26
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
27
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for cell division.
nucleus.
28
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Holds organelles in place and allows movement of substances.
29
What type of microscopy uses fluorescent dyes?
Fluorescent microscopy.
30
What is the primary role of the cell wall in plant cells?
Provides support and protection.
31
What is the main difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?
Light microscopes use light, while electron microscopes use beams of electrons.
32
True or False: Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells.
False.
33
What do chloroplasts and mitochondria have in common?
Both have their own DNA.
34
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Produces ribosomal RNA.
35
What type of cells contain chloroplasts?
Plant cells and many protists ## Footnote Chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis.
36
What is the structure of chloroplasts?
Three membrane system (outer, inner and thylakoid) ## Footnote Chloroplasts are responsible for manufacturing and storing chemical compounds.
37
What pigment do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll ## Footnote Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis.
38
What is the function of vacuoles in cells?
Temporary storage of food, enzymes, wastes, and other materials ## Footnote Vacuoles also play a role in maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells.
39
What type of cells have permanent large vacuoles?
Plant cells ## Footnote The large vacuole is called a tonoplast.
40
What is the function of lysosomes?
Digests excess or worn out organelles, food, and bacteria
41
What type of cells contain lysosomes?
Animal and plant cells
42
What are cilia used for?
Aids in locomotion and feeding ## Footnote Cilia are short, numerous hair-like projections.
43
What is the structure of cilia?
Pairs of microtubules enclosed by an extension of the cell membrane
44
What is the function of flagella?
Aids in locomotion and feeding
45
What type of cells have flagella?
Present in some animal, plant, and protist cells
46
What is the structure of flagella?
Pairs of microtubules enclosed by an extension of the cell membrane
47
What is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.
48
Name four structures common to all cells
* Cell membrane (plasma membrane) * DNA * Cytoplasm * Ribosomes
49
What is a key difference in the structure of plant cells compared to animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, large vacuole, and chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
50
True or False: Animal cells have a regular shape and a cell wall.
False ## Footnote Animal cells do not have a regular shape and lack a cell wall.
51
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
52
What is the general composition of the cell wall in fungal cells?
Composed of chitin.
53
What is the general composition of the cell wall in plant cells?
Composed of cellulose.
54
Fill in the blank: The central vacuole in plant cells is responsible for maintaining _______.
turgor pressure
55
What is a typical feature of animal cells that plant cells lack?
Flagella
56
What structures are involved in the movement of cells?
* Cilia * Flagella

bio unit 1,2 (4 decks)

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