Cell theory

Question 1

What four common components do all cells share?

Answer 1

Cytoplasm

Question 2

What are the component of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

-simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus
-Prokaryotic DNA is in the Nucleoid
-Peptidoglycan cell wall provides structure and prevents it gets dehydrated
-Flagella are used for locomotion
-Pili exchange genetic material through a process called conjugation

Question 3

Components of eukaryotic cells (plant cells)?

Answer 3

-Chloroplast
-Plastid store pigments
-Central Vacuole
-Plasmodesmata

Answer 4

-Golgi (backwards AT&T logo)
-Rough and smooth ER (presence of ribsomoes

Question 5

Components of a plasma membrane?

Answer 5

-Glycoprotein
-Glycolipid

Question 6

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

-makes up a HUGE part of the cell membrane
-jell-like
-Comprised of organelles suspended in the gel-like CYTOSOL
-Protein synthesis occurs here
-Glycolysis occurs here

Question 7

What is the nucleus comprised of?

Answer 7

-Houses the cell’s DNA and directs the synthesis of of ribosomes and proteins
-The nuclear envelope is a double membrane structure comprised of phospholipid bilayers
-The nucleoplasm is the cytoplasm of the nucleus

Question 8

Chromatin and Chromosomes

Answer 8

-Histone

Question 9

Components of ribsomes?

Answer 9

-Protein synthesis
-A large subunit and a small subunit

Question 10

Components of mitochondria?

Answer 10

-Electron transport chain (ATP synthase)
-Ton of energy here
-Mitochondrial Matrix pumps it’s proteins through the E.T.C

Question 11

Peroxisomes, vesicles, and vacuoles

Answer 11

-Peroxisomes help with detoxification
-Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane bound; sacks that help with storage and transport

Question 12

Components of the centrosome?

Answer 12

-Found near the nuclei of animal cells

Question 13

Components of lysosomes (animal eukaryotes)?

Answer 13

-Our trash bag, our garbage disposal
-Break downs of sugars, damaged organelles, proteins, etc. through exocytosis
-Enzymes here have a lower PH that helps with breakdown

Question 14

Components of Endoplasmic Reticiulum?

Answer 14

• rough ER (protein synthesis)
  *ribosomes
  -smooth ER (lipid synthesis)
  *no ribosomes
  *detoxification of medications and poisons
  *specialized SER in muscle cells, storage of calcium

Question 15

Components of the Golgi Apparatus?

Answer 15

-The post office of the cell for proteins and lipids

Question 16

Three main components of Cytoskeleton?

Answer 16

microfilaments
*narrowest
*function in cellular movement
*two proteins twisted around each other
*gives you rigidity to the cell (eg. Actin)

intermediate filaments
*all they really give us is structure
*they can handle a lot of pressure
*help maintain shape and anchor organelles in the cytoplasm
*a bunch of fibrous proteins bound together

microtubules
*helps resist compression
*provide tracks for movement
*pulling chromosomes to the end of the spindilum

Question 17

Components of flagella and cilia?

Answer 17

Flagella
*long, hair-like structures

cilia
*in our fallopian tubes directing traffic
*short-hair like structures

microvili
*see them in places we want to increase surface area