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Biology > Cell: The Unit Of Life > Flashcards

Cell: The Unit Of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Malthias Schleiden

A

Plants are composed of different types of cells and tissue

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2
Q

Theodore Schwann

A

Plasma membrane.
Cell wall is a unique character in plants

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3
Q

Drawback of Scheilden Schwann cell theory

A

Did not explain how new cells formed

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4
Q

Present day cell theory

A

Rudolf Virchow- Omnis cellula-e cellula
*all organisms are composed of cells and product of cells
*all cells arise from pre-exiting cells

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5
Q

Plant cell vs animal cell

A

No cell wall
Small vacuole
Centriole

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6
Q

Mycoplasma cell size

A

0.3 micrometre

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7
Q

Bacterial cells size

A

3 to 5 micrometre

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8
Q

Largest cell

A

Egg of ostrich

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9
Q

Human rbc size

A

7 micrometre

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10
Q

Basic shapes of prokaryotic cells

A

Bacillus-rod shape
Coccus-spherical
Vibrio-comma
Spirillum-spiral

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11
Q

All prokaryotes have a cell was surrounding them except

A

Mycoplasma

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12
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotic cell

A

*no defined nucleus
*genetic material not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
*circular DNA called plasmids
*inclusions-non living substance that are not bound by membrane
*mesosome-a special differentiated form of cell membrane

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13
Q

Pplo

A

Pleura pneumonia like organisms

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14
Q

Cell envelope

A

Tree membranes structure
*glycocalyx
*cell wall
*cell membrane

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15
Q

Types of bacteria based on staining procedure

A

Gram positive and gram negative

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16
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Differ in composition and structure depending on bacteria
*loose shealth-slime layer
*thick and though-capsule

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17
Q

Cell wall

A

Determines the shape of the cell and prevents the cell from bursting or collapsing

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18
Q

Mesosome

A

Specialised extensions of cell membrane in the form of
Vesicles, tubules and lamellae

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19
Q

Function of mesosome

A

*cell wall formation
*dna replication
*distribution of dna to daughter cells
*help in respiration, secretion process

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20
Q

Chromatophores

A

Membrane extension of cytoplasm that contains coloured pigments in cyanobacteria

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21
Q

Bacterial flagellum

A

Filament, hook , basal body

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22
Q

Pilli

A

Elongated tubular structure made of special proteins

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23
Q

Fimbrae

A

Small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the cell

24
Q

Ribosome

A

15 to 20nm
Made of 50s and 30s subunit to form 70s prokaryotic ribosome
Several ribosomes attach to single mRNA to form polyribosome or polysome

25
Q

Examples of inclusion bodies

A

Phosphate granule
Cyanophycean granules
Glycogen granules

26
Q

Characteristics of eukaryotes

A

*organised nucleus with nuclear envelope
*complex locomotor and cytoskeletal structure
*genetic material organised into chromosomes

27
Q

Composition of cell membrane

A

Lipids, protein, and carbohydrate
Major lipids are phospholipids and are arranged in a bilayer
Phospholipid bilayer also contains chlorestrol

28
Q

Arrangement of lipids in cell membrane

A
  • Polar head facing outside and hydrophobic heads facing the inner part
  • This arrangement protects the non polar hydrocarbon tail from saturated environment
29
Q

Lipid protein ratio of human rbc

A

52% protein and 40%lipid

30
Q

Classification of membrane protein

A

Integral and peripheral
Integral-partially or totally buried in the membrane
Peripheral protein lie kn the surface of the protein

31
Q

Singer and Nicolson

A

Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane

32
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

The quasi fluid nature of lipids enable the lateral movement of protein within the overall bilayer-fluidity

33
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of particles without the need for energy

34
Q

Active transport

A

Diffusion and osmosis
Movement of particles requires energy from ATP
Eg:Na+/K+

35
Q

Cell wall

A

Rigid non living structure in plants
*protects cell from mechanical damage and infection
*helps in cell to cell interaction
*barrier to undesirable macromolecules

36
Q

Algal cell wall compnents

A

Glucose, galactans, mannans and minerals like calcium carbonate

37
Q

Primary wall

A

Cell wall of a young plant
Capable of growth and gradually diminishes as the plant matures

38
Q

Secondary wall

A

Formed towards the membrane side of the cell as primary wall diminishes

39
Q

Middle lamella

A

Layer made of calcium pectate
Glues or holds different neighbouring cells together

40
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Connect cytoplasm of neighbouring cells

41
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuoles

42
Q

Endoplasmic reticulam

A

Network of tubular structure scattered throughout the cytoplasm

43
Q

Two distinct compartments separated by ER

A

Luminal-inside ER
Extra luminal-outside ER

44
Q

RER

A

*Rough endoplasmic reticulam
*Has ribosomes attached to it
*Observed in cells that are actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion
*Extensive and continuous with outer membrane of nucleus

45
Q

SER

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulam
*No ribosome on surface
*Major site for lipid synthesis
*Lipid like steroidal harmones synthesised in ser

46
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Densely stained reticular structures near the nucleus
Comsist of flat, disc shaped structure called cisternae

47
Q

Size of cisternae

A

0.5 micrometre to 1 micrometre in diameter

48
Q

Arrangemt of cisternae

A

Cocentriaclly arranged near the nuclear with distinct convex cis(forming face) and concave trans(maturing face)
Cis and trans organelle or entirely different but are interconnected

49
Q

Function of golgi apparatus

A

Packaging materials to be delivered to either intracellular targets or out side the cell

50
Q

How are materials packaged in golgi body

A

*Materials to be packaged are in the form of vesicles from the ER fuse with the cis face of golgi apparatus and move towards maturing face
*A number of protein from the er are modified inthe cisternae before they are released from, trans face

51
Q

Whxih site forms glycoproteins and glycolipids

A

Golgi apparatus

52
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membrane bound vesicular structure formed by the process of packaging in golgi apparatus

53
Q

Lysosome is rich in

A

Hydrolases-protease, lipase, carbohydrase
Optical active in acidic pH
Digest carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

54
Q

Vacuole

A

Membrane bound space foun din cytoplasm
Contains water, sap, excretory products and other stuff that are not useful for the cell

55
Q

Tonoplast

A

Single membrane surrounding the vacuole
Facilitates transportation of ions and other materials against the concentration gradient

56
Q

Contractile vacuole and food vacuole

A

Contractile vacuole- present in amoeba
Important for osmoregulation

Food vacuole- formed by engulfing food particles

Biology (1 decks)

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