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Cell: The Unit Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Malthias Schleiden

A

Plants are composed of different types of cells and tissue

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2
Q

Theodore Schwann

A

Plasma membrane.
Cell wall is a unique character in plants

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3
Q

Drawback of Scheilden Schwann cell theory

A

Did not explain how new cells formed

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4
Q

Present day cell theory

A

Rudolf Virchow- Omnis cellula-e cellula
*all organisms are composed of cells and product of cells
*all cells arise from pre-exiting cells

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5
Q

Plant cell vs animal cell

A

No cell wall
Small vacuole
Centriole

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6
Q

Mycoplasma cell size

A

0.3 micrometre

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7
Q

Bacterial cells size

A

3 to 5 micrometre

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8
Q

Largest cell

A

Egg of ostrich

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9
Q

Human rbc size

A

7 micrometre

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10
Q

Basic shapes of prokaryotic cells

A

Bacillus-rod shape
Coccus-spherical
Vibrio-comma
Spirillum-spiral

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11
Q

All prokaryotes have a cell was surrounding them except

A

Mycoplasma

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12
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotic cell

A

*no defined nucleus
*genetic material not surrounded by a nuclear membrane
*circular DNA called plasmids
*inclusions-non living substance that are not bound by membrane
*mesosome-a special differentiated form of cell membrane

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13
Q

Pplo

A

Pleura pneumonia like organisms

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14
Q

Cell envelope

A

Tree membranes structure
*glycocalyx
*cell wall
*cell membrane

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15
Q

Types of bacteria based on staining procedure

A

Gram positive and gram negative

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16
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Differ in composition and structure depending on bacteria
*loose shealth-slime layer
*thick and though-capsule

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17
Q

Cell wall

A

Determines the shape of the cell and prevents the cell from bursting or collapsing

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18
Q

Mesosome

A

Specialised extensions of cell membrane in the form of
Vesicles, tubules and lamellae

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19
Q

Function of mesosome

A

*cell wall formation
*dna replication
*distribution of dna to daughter cells
*help in respiration, secretion process

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20
Q

Chromatophores

A

Membrane extension of cytoplasm that contains coloured pigments in cyanobacteria

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21
Q

Bacterial flagellum

A

Filament, hook , basal body

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22
Q

Pilli

A

Elongated tubular structure made of special proteins

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23
Q

Fimbrae

A

Small bristle like fibres sprouting out of the cell

24
Q

Ribosome

A

15 to 20nm
Made of 50s and 30s subunit to form 70s prokaryotic ribosome
Several ribosomes attach to single mRNA to form polyribosome or polysome

25
Examples of inclusion bodies
Phosphate granule Cyanophycean granules Glycogen granules
26
Characteristics of eukaryotes
*organised nucleus with nuclear envelope *complex locomotor and cytoskeletal structure *genetic material organised into chromosomes
27
Composition of cell membrane
Lipids, protein, and carbohydrate Major lipids are phospholipids and are arranged in a bilayer Phospholipid bilayer also contains chlorestrol
28
Arrangement of lipids in cell membrane
* Polar head facing outside and hydrophobic heads facing the inner part * This arrangement protects the non polar hydrocarbon tail from saturated environment
29
Lipid protein ratio of human rbc
52% protein and 40%lipid
30
Classification of membrane protein
Integral and peripheral Integral-partially or totally buried in the membrane Peripheral protein lie kn the surface of the protein
31
Singer and Nicolson
Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane
32
Fluid mosaic model
The quasi fluid nature of lipids enable the lateral movement of protein within the overall bilayer-fluidity
33
Passive transport
Movement of particles without the need for energy
34
Active transport
Diffusion and osmosis Movement of particles requires energy from ATP Eg:Na+/K+
35
Cell wall
Rigid non living structure in plants *protects cell from mechanical damage and infection *helps in cell to cell interaction *barrier to undesirable macromolecules
36
Algal cell wall compnents
Glucose, galactans, mannans and minerals like calcium carbonate
37
Primary wall
Cell wall of a young plant Capable of growth and gradually diminishes as the plant matures
38
Secondary wall
Formed towards the membrane side of the cell as primary wall diminishes
39
Middle lamella
Layer made of calcium pectate Glues or holds different neighbouring cells together
40
Plasmodesmata
Connect cytoplasm of neighbouring cells
41
Endomembrane system
Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Vacuoles
42
Endoplasmic reticulam
Network of tubular structure scattered throughout the cytoplasm
43
Two distinct compartments separated by ER
Luminal-inside ER Extra luminal-outside ER
44
RER
*Rough endoplasmic reticulam *Has ribosomes attached to it *Observed in cells that are actively involved in protein synthesis and secretion *Extensive and continuous with outer membrane of nucleus
45
SER
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulam *No ribosome on surface *Major site for lipid synthesis *Lipid like steroidal harmones synthesised in ser
46
Golgi apparatus
Densely stained reticular structures near the nucleus Comsist of flat, disc shaped structure called cisternae
47
Size of cisternae
0.5 micrometre to 1 micrometre in diameter
48
Arrangemt of cisternae
Cocentriaclly arranged near the nuclear with distinct convex cis(forming face) and concave trans(maturing face) Cis and trans organelle or entirely different but are interconnected
49
Function of golgi apparatus
Packaging materials to be delivered to either intracellular targets or out side the cell
50
How are materials packaged in golgi body
*Materials to be packaged are in the form of vesicles from the ER fuse with the cis face of golgi apparatus and move towards maturing face *A number of protein from the er are modified inthe cisternae before they are released from, trans face
51
Whxih site forms glycoproteins and glycolipids
Golgi apparatus
52
Lysosomes
Membrane bound vesicular structure formed by the process of packaging in golgi apparatus
53
Lysosome is rich in
Hydrolases-protease, lipase, carbohydrase Optical active in acidic pH Digest carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
54
Vacuole
Membrane bound space foun din cytoplasm Contains water, sap, excretory products and other stuff that are not useful for the cell
55
Tonoplast
Single membrane surrounding the vacuole Facilitates transportation of ions and other materials against the concentration gradient
56
Contractile vacuole and food vacuole
Contractile vacuole- present in amoeba Important for osmoregulation Food vacuole- formed by engulfing food particles

Biology (1 decks)

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