Cell: The Unit Of Life

Question 1

During Grams’ staining which is incorrect?

(1) All bacteria take crystal violet stain

(2) Gram +ve bacteria take crystal violet stain

(3) Only Gram -ve bacteria take crystal violet stain

(4) Gram -ve bacteria lose this stain after alcohol

Answer 1

(3) Only Gram -ve bacteria take crystal violet stain

Question 2

Hammerling’s experiments on Acetabularia involved exchanging

(1) Cytoplasm

(2) Nucleus

(3) Rhizoid and stalk

(4) Gametes

Answer 2

(3) Rhizoid and stalk

Question 3

A non-membrane bound organelle found exclusively in animal cells is:

1. Sphaerosome
2. Glyoxisome
3. Peroxisome
4. Centriole

Answer 3

4. Centriole

Question 4

Which of the following is the largest constituent

of the membrane of the erythrocyte in human beings and is also responsible for performing most of the functions of the membrane?

1.Proteins

2. Lipids

3.Glycolipids

4.Glycoproteins

Answer 4

1. Proteins

Question 5

Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms because:

(1) Anything less than a complete structure of a cell does not ensure independent living.

(2) The metabolic reactions can only occur inside a living cell.

(3) Nucleic acids present in the cells ensure living state.

(4) The membrane bound organelles cause differentiation for proper functioning.

Answer 5

(1) Anything less than a complete structure of a cell does not ensure independent living.

Question 6

Who concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of cell wall is a unique character of plant cells?

(1) Mathias Schleiden

(2) Theodore Schwann

(3) Rudolph Virchow

(4) Robert Hooke

Answer 6

(2) Theodore Schwann

Question 7

Mesosomes in prokaryotes do not help in:

1. Cell wall formation
2. DNA replication
3. Respiration
4. Photosynthesis

Answer 7

4. Photosynthesis

Question 8

The endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell does not include:

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
2. Lysosome
3. Vacuole
4. Peroxisome

Answer 8

4. Peroxisome

Question 9

The cis and trans faces of the Golgi Apparatus are:

1. Similar but not interconnected
2. Similar and interconnected
3. Entirely different but interconnected
4. Entirely different and not interconnected

Answer 9

3. Entirely different but interconnected

Question 10

Plastids used in storing proteins are called as:

1. Amyloplasts
2. Aleuroplasts
3. Elaioplasts
4. Chromoplasts

Answer 10

2. Aleuroplasts

Question 11

A centriole-like structure, from which the cilium and the flagellum emerge, is the:

1. Centrosome
2. Basal body
3. Axoneme
4. Vimentin

Answer 11

2. Basal body

Question 12

The outer membrane of the nucleus:

I. is continuous with the Endoplasmic reticulum

II. does not bear ribosomes.

1. Only I is correct
2. Only II is correct
3. Both I and II are correct
4. Both I and II are incorrect

Answer 12

1. Only I is correct

Question 13

If the centromere is situated close to the end of a chromosome, it is called as:

1. Metacentric
2. Submetacentric
3. Acrocentric
4. Telocentric

Answer 13

3. Acrocentric

Question 14

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. This leads us to which of the following as a probable hypothesis?

1. Disruption of one of these types of structure should necessarily disrupt each of the others as well.
2. Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
3. Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structure.
4. Natural selection for motility must select for microtubular arrays in circular patterns.

Answer 14

4. Natural selection for motility must select for microtubular arrays in circular patterns.

Question 15

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals.

1. enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.
2. enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.
3. enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.
4. makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.

Answer 15

1. enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.

Question 16

Prokaryotic cells have something unique in the form of:

1. Inclusion bodies
2. Plasmids
3. Cell wall

4.70 S ribosomes

Answer 16

1. Inclusion bodies

Question 17

Gas vacuoles allow cyanobacteria to:

1. Store carbon dioxide for assimilation
2. Control their buoyancy
3. Provide anaerobic conditions to nitrogenase
4. Eliminate toxic ammonia

Answer 17

2. Control their buoyancy

Question 18

The lipid component of the plasma membrane mainly consists of:

1. Triglycerides
2. Cholesterol
3. Phosphoglycerides

4 Proteins

Answer 18

3. Phospoglycerides

Question 19

Carotenoid pigments are found in:

I. Chloroplasts

II. Chromoplasts

III. Leucoplasts

(1) Only I

(2) Only I and II

(3) Only II

(4) I, II and III

Answer 19

(2) Only I and II

Question 20

Microbodies, which help to convert stored lipids into carbohydrates so they can be used for plant growth, are known as:

1. Peroxisomes
2. Sphaerosomes
3. Glyoxysomes
4. Lysosomes

Answer 20

3. Glyoxysomes

Question 21

Ribosomes are produced in

1. Nucleolus
2. Mitochondria
3. Cytoplasm
4. Golgibody

Answer 21

1. Nucleolus

Question 22

All the following are the part of a eukaryotic cell endomembranous system except:

1. Vacuole
2. Lysosome
3. Golgi complex
4. Mitochondria

Answer 22

4. Mitochondria

Question 23

A feature unique to prokaryotes would be:

1. A cell wall not made up of cellulose
2. An extrachromosomal plasmid DNA
3. A cell membrane of peptidoglycan
4. Presence of inclusions

Answer 23

4. Presence of inclusions

Question 24

Chromatophores are:

1. present in liopolysaccharide layer of gram negative bacteria
2. colored pigments present in fluorescent

bacteria

3. vesicles that store pigments in prokaryotic cells
4. extensions on membrane in cynobacteria

Answer 24

4. extensions on membrane in cynobacteria

Question 25

The tail of the phospholipid molecule: 1. is hydrophilic and composed of phosphate 2. is hydrophilic and composed of saturated hydrocarbons 3. is hydrophobic and composed of saturated hydrocarbons 4. is hydrophobic and composed of unsaturated hydrocarbons in cynobacteria

Answer 25

3. is hydrophobic and composed of saturated hydrocarbons

Question 26

In animal cells, lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesized in the: 1. Nucleus 2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4. Golgi apparatus

Answer 26

3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

Unless specifically stained by a vital stain like Janus Green, which of the following will not be visible under a microscope? 1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Mitochondria

Answer 27

4. Mitochondria

Question 28

Fat soluble pigments like xanthophylls are present in: 1. Chromoplasts 2. Aleuroplasts 3. Elaioplasts 4. Amyloplasts

Answer 28

1. Chromoplasts

Question 29

Proteins that are to be used outside the cell are synthesized: 1. in the mitochondria 2. on the rough endoplasmic reticulum 3. on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 4. on free ribosomes

Answer 29

2. on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

The two types of cellular organelles that transform energy are: (1) Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts (2) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts (3) Mitochondria and Endoplasmic reticulum (4) Chloroplasts and Golgi apparatus

Answer 30

(2) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Question 31

The arrangement of outer and central microtubules in a cilium is called the: 1. 9 + 1 pattern 2. 9 +0 pattern 3. Flagellin pattern 4. 9 +2 pattern

Answer 31

4. 9 + 2 pattern

Question 32

Which of the following structure is not found in a prokaryotic cell? (1) Nuclear envelope (2) Ribosome (3) Mesosome (4) Plasma membrane

Answer 32

(1) Nuclear envelope

Question 33

Algae have cell wall made up of (1) cellulose, galactans and mannans (2) hemicellulose, pectins and proteins (3) pectins, cellulose and proteins (4) cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins

Answer 33

(1) cellulose, galactans and mannans

Question 34

Pigment-containing membranous extensions in some cyanobacteria are (1) heterocysts (2) basal bodies (3) pneumatophores (4) chromatophores

Answer 34

(4) chromatophores

Question 35

Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen? (1) Bacillus (2) Pseudomonas (3) Mycoplasma (4) Nostoc

Answer 35

(3) Mycoplasma

Question 36

Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP? (1) Lysosome (2) Ribosome (3) Chloroplast (4) Mitochondrion

Answer 36

(4) Mitochondrion

Question 37

Select the mismatch. 1. Gas vacuoles - Green bacteria Cells 2. Large central vacuoles - Animal cells 3. Protists Eukaryotes 4. Methanogens - Prokaryotes

Answer 37

2. Large central vacuoles - Animal cells

Question 38

Select the wrong statement. (1) Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan (2) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells (3) Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells (4) Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism

Answer 38

(2) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells

Question 39

A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzyme is (1) lysosome (2) microsome (3) ribosome (4) mesosome

Answer 39

(1) lysosome

Question 40

Microtubules are the constituents of (1) spindle fibres, centrioles and cilia (2) centrioles, spindle fibres and chromatin (3) centrosome, nucleosome and centrioles (4) cilia, flagella and peroxisomes

Answer 40

(1) spindle fibres, centrioles and cilia

Question 41

Mitochondria and chloroplast are I.semi-autonomous organelles. II. formed by division of pre-existing organelles and they contain DNA but lack protein synthesizing machinery. Which one of the following options is correct? (1) II is true but I is false (2) I is true but II is false (3) Both I and I are false (4) Both I and II are correct

Answer 41

(2) I is true but II is false

Question 42

A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of RNA is known as (1) polymer (2) polypeptide (3) okazaki fragment (4) polysome

Answer 42

(4) polysome

Question 43

Which of the following is not a feature of the plasmids? (a) Circular structure (b) Transferable (c) Single-stranded (d) Independent replication

Answer 43

(c) Single-stranded

Question 44

Water soluble pigments found in plant cell vacuoles are (1) chlorophylls (2) carotenoids (3) anthocyanins (4) xanthophylls

Answer 44

(3) anthocyanins

Question 45

Balbiani rings are sites of 1. lipid synthesis 2. nucleotide synthesis 3. polysaccharide synthesis 4. RNA and protein synthesis

Answer 45

4. RNA and protein synthesis

Question 46

Which of the following are not membrane-bound? 1. Vacuoles 2. Ribosomes 3. Lysosomes 4. Mesosomes

Answer 46

2. Ribosomes

Question 47

A protoplast is a cell a. without plasma membrane b. without nucleus c. undergoing division d. without cell wall

Answer 47

d. without cell wall

Question 48

Cellular organelles with membranes are 1. nuclei, ribosomes and mitochondria 2. chromosomes, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum 3. endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and nuclie 4. lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.

Answer 48

4. lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.

Question 49

The structures that are formed by stacking of organised flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are 1. cristae 2. grana 3. stroma lamellae 4. stroma

Answer 49

2. grana

Question 50

Select the correct matching in the following pairs. (1) Smooth ER-Oxidation of phospholipids (2) Smooth ER-Synthesis of lipids (3) Rough ER-Synthesis of glycogen (4) Rough ER-Oxidation of fatty acids

Answer 50

(2) Smooth ER-Synthesis of lipids

Question 51

Which one of the following is not an inclusion body found in prokaryotes? 1. Phosphate granule 2. Cyanophycean granule 3. Glycogen granule 4. Polysome

Answer 51

4. Polysome

Question 52

Nuclear envelope is derivative of 1. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 2. memebrane of Golgi complex 3. microtubles 4. rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 52

4. rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 53

Cytochromes are found in 1. matrix of mitochondria 2. outer wall of mitochondria 3. cristae of mitochondria 4. lysosomes

Answer 53

3. cristae of mitochondria

Question 54

Which structures perform the function of mitochondria in bacteria? 1. Nucleoid 2. Ribosomes 3. Cell wall 4. Mesosomes

Answer 54

4. Mesosomes

Question 55

The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having a diameter of 6nm and made up of a single type of monomer are known as 1. microtubules 2. microfilaments 3. intermediate filaments 4. lamins

Answer 55

2. microfilaments

Question 56

The osmotic expansion of a cell kept in water is chiefly regulated by 1. mitochondria 2. vacuoles 3. plastids 4. ribosomes

Answer 56

2. vacuoles

Question 57

The motile bacteria are able to move by 1. fimbriae 2. flagella 3. cilia 4. pili

Answer 57

2. flagella

Question 58

A major site for synthesis of lipids is 1. RER 2. SER 3. symplast 4. nucleoplasm

Answer 58

2. SER

Question 59

The Golgi complex plays a major role: (1) in trapping the light and transforming it into chemical energy (2) in digesting proteins and carbohydrates (3) as energy transferring organelles (4) in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids

Answer 59

(4) in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids

Question 60

Ribosomal RNA is actively synthesized in 1. lysosomes 2. nucleolus 3. nucleoplasm 4. ribosomes

Answer 60

2. nucleolus

Question 61

What is true about ribosomes? 1. The prokaryotic ribosomes are 80 S, where S stands for sedimentation coefficient 2. These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins 3. These are found only in eukaryotic cells 4. These are self-splicing introns of some RNAs

Answer 61

2. These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins

Question 62

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane. 1. Na* and K ions move across cell membrane by passive transport 2. Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane 3. Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part 4. Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Answer 62

4. Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Question 63

Important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is 1. Golgi apparatus 2. plastid 3. Lysosome 4. vacuole

Answer 63

1. Golgi apparatus

Question 64

Which one of the following also act as a ribozyme in a bacterial cell? 1. snRNA 2. hn RNA 3. 23 S rRNA 4. 5 S rRNA

Answer 64

3. 23 S rRNA

Question 65

In eubacteria, a cellular component that resembles eukaryotic cells is 1. nucleus 2. ribosomes 3. cell wall 4. plasma membrane

Answer 65

4. plasma membrane

Question 66

Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in 1. mitochondria 2. chromoplast 3. ribosomes 4. chloroplast

Answer 66

3. Ribosomes

Question 67

Which one of the following structures between two adjacent cells is an effective transport pathway? 1. Plasmodesmata 2. Plastoquinones 3. Endoplasmic reticulum 4. Plasmalemma

Answer 67

1. Plasmodesmata

Question 68

Which one of the following has its own DNA? 1. Mitochondria 2. Dictyosome 3. Lysosome 4. Peroxisome

Answer 68

1. Mitochondria

Question 69

The main arena of various types of activities of a cell is 1. plasma membrane 2. mitochondrion 3. cytoplasm 4. nucleus

Answer 69

3. Cytoplasm

Question 70

The plasma membrane consists mainly of 1. phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer 2. proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer 3. proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules 4. proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer

Answer 70

2. proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Question 71

Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plants contains 1. light-independent reaction enzymes 2. light-dependent reaction enzymes 3. ribosomes 4. chlorophyll

Answer 71

1. light-independent reaction enzymes

Question 72

Middle lamella is mainly composed of 1. hemicellulose 2. muramic acid 3. calcium pectate 4. phosphoglycerides

Answer 72

3. calcium pectate

Question 73

Plasmodesmata are 1. lignified cemented layers between cells 2. locomotory structures 3. membranes connecting the nucleus with plasmalemma 4. connections between adjacent cells

Answer 73

4. connections between adjacent cells

Question 74

Cytoskeleton is made up of 1. calcium carbonate granules 2. callose deposits 3. cellulosic microfibrils 4. proteinaceous filaments

Answer 74

4. proteinaceous filaments

Question 75

Keeping in view the 'fluid mosaic model for the structure of cell membrane, which one of the following statements is correct with respect to the movement of lipids and proteins from one lipid monolayer to the other (described as flip-flop movement)? 1. Both lipids and proteins can flip-flop 2. While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot 3. While proteins can flip-flop, lipids cannot 4. Neither lipids, nor proteins can flip-flop

Answer 75

2. While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot

Question 76

Polysome is formed by 1. several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA 2. many ribosomes attached to a strand of endoplasmic reticulum 3. a ribosome with several subunits 4. ribosomes attached to each other in a linear arrangement

Answer 76

1. several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA

Question 77

The two subunits of ribosome remain united at a critical ion level of 1. copper 2. manganese 3. magnesium 4. calcium

Answer 77

3. Magnesium

Question 78

Vacuole in a plant cell: 1. is membrane-bound and contains storage proteins and lipids 2. is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances 3. lacks membrane and contains air 4. lacks membrane and contains water and excretory substances

Answer 78

2. is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances

Question 79

In germinating seeds fatty acids are degraded exclusively in the 1. proplastids 2. glyoxysomes 3. peroxisomes 4. mitochondria

Answer 79

2. glyoxysomes

Question 80

Which one of the following is not a constituent of cell membrane ? 1. Cholesterol 2. Glycolipids 3. Proline 4. Phospholipids

Answer 80

3. Proline

Question 81

Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys: 1. certain fungi 2. certain types of bacteria 3. all viruses 4. most virus-infected cells

Answer 81

2. certain types of bacteria

Question 82

Select the wrong statement from the following: 1. both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane 2. both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane 3. both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA 4. the chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria

Answer 82

2. both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane

Question 83

Which of the following statements regarding mitochondrial membrane is not correct? 1. The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules 2. The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane 3. The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings 4. The outer membrane resembles a sieve

Answer 83

2. The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane

Question 84

Which of the following statements regarding cilia is not correct? 1. The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca2+ across the membrane 2. Cilia are hair-like cellular appendages 3. Microtubules of cilia are composed of tubulin 4. Cilia contain an outer ring of nine doublet microtubules surrounding two single microtubules

Answer 84

1. The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca2+ across the membrane

Question 85

The organelle common among prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is (1) centrosome (2) ribosome (3) peroxisome (4) glyoxysome

Answer 85

2. Ribosome

Question 86

Which one of the following phenomena is commonly referred as 'cell drinking? 1. Endocytosis 2. Exocytosis 3. Phagocytosis 4. Pinocytosis

Answer 86

4. Pinocytosis

Question 87

If a chloroplast of plant is isolated and studied in a test tube the investigation is described as 1. in vivo 2. in vitro 3. in situ 4. none of these.

Answer 87

2. In vitro

Question 88

An organelle present in all plant cells but absent from those of animals is 1. Mitochondria 2. peroxisome 3. glyoxysomes 4. Centrioles

Answer 88

3. Glyoxysomes

Question 89

Primary cell wall consists of a loose network of cellulose microfibrils impregnated with a matrix of 1. glycoprotein and flavoprotein 2. hemicellulose and flavoprotein 3. hemicellulose and pectin 4. flavoprotein and pectin.

Answer 89

3. hemicellulose and pectin

Question 90

Which of the following is not a true subcellular organelle ? 1. Peroxisome 2. Ribosome 3. Chloroplast 4. Lysosome.

Answer 90

2. Ribosome

Question 91

Golgi body is associated with 1. packaging and storage of material 2. cell wall formation 3. transport of enzyme 4. all of the above

Answer 91

4. All of the above

Question 92

Which of the following cytoskelelal components of an eukaryotic cell play a major role in protoplasmic streaming? 1. Microtubules 2. microfilaments 3. Intermediate filaments 4. None of these

Answer 92

2. Microfilaments

Question 93

Free radicals in our body have been implicated in 1. ageing 2. certain degenerative disorders 3. neurodegeneration 4. all the above

Answer 93

4. All of the above

Question 94

Which is not true for prokaryotic cells? 1. They are smaller than eukaryotic cells. 2. They lack membrane-bound organelles. 3. Their genetic material is localised within nucleoid. 4. They contain a well developed cytoskeleton

Answer 94

4. They contain a well developed cytoskeleton

Question 95

If there were present no subcellular organelles in a eukaroytic cell, the rate of metabolism will 1. increase 2. decrease 3. not change 4. increase dramatically.

Answer 95

2. Decrease