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Botany > Cell: The Unit Of Life > Flashcards

Cell: The Unit Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

During Grams’ staining which is incorrect?

(1) All bacteria take crystal violet stain

(2) Gram +ve bacteria take crystal violet stain

(3) Only Gram -ve bacteria take crystal violet stain

(4) Gram -ve bacteria lose this stain after alcohol

A

(3) Only Gram -ve bacteria take crystal violet stain

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2
Q

Hammerling’s experiments on Acetabularia involved exchanging

(1) Cytoplasm

(2) Nucleus

(3) Rhizoid and stalk

(4) Gametes

A

(3) Rhizoid and stalk

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3
Q

A non-membrane bound organelle found exclusively in animal cells is:

  1. Sphaerosome
  2. Glyoxisome
  3. Peroxisome
  4. Centriole
A
  1. Centriole
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4
Q

Which of the following is the largest constituent

of the membrane of the erythrocyte in human beings and is also responsible for performing most of the functions of the membrane?

1.Proteins

  1. Lipids

3.Glycolipids

4.Glycoproteins

A
  1. Proteins
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5
Q

Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of all living organisms because:

(1) Anything less than a complete structure of a cell does not ensure independent living.

(2) The metabolic reactions can only occur inside a living cell.

(3) Nucleic acids present in the cells ensure living state.

(4) The membrane bound organelles cause differentiation for proper functioning.

A

(1) Anything less than a complete structure of a cell does not ensure independent living.

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6
Q

Who concluded, based on his studies on plant tissues, that the presence of cell wall is a unique character of plant cells?

(1) Mathias Schleiden

(2) Theodore Schwann

(3) Rudolph Virchow

(4) Robert Hooke

A

(2) Theodore Schwann

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7
Q

Mesosomes in prokaryotes do not help in:

  1. Cell wall formation
  2. DNA replication
  3. Respiration
  4. Photosynthesis
A
  1. Photosynthesis
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8
Q

The endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell does not include:

  1. Endoplasmic reticulum
  2. Lysosome
  3. Vacuole
  4. Peroxisome
A
  1. Peroxisome
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9
Q

The cis and trans faces of the Golgi Apparatus are:

  1. Similar but not interconnected
  2. Similar and interconnected
  3. Entirely different but interconnected
  4. Entirely different and not interconnected
A
  1. Entirely different but interconnected
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10
Q

Plastids used in storing proteins are called as:

  1. Amyloplasts
  2. Aleuroplasts
  3. Elaioplasts
  4. Chromoplasts
A
  1. Aleuroplasts
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11
Q

A centriole-like structure, from which the cilium and the flagellum emerge, is the:

  1. Centrosome
  2. Basal body
  3. Axoneme
  4. Vimentin
A
  1. Basal body
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12
Q

The outer membrane of the nucleus:

I. is continuous with the Endoplasmic reticulum

II. does not bear ribosomes.

  1. Only I is correct
  2. Only II is correct
  3. Both I and II are correct
  4. Both I and II are incorrect
A
  1. Only I is correct
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13
Q

If the centromere is situated close to the end of a chromosome, it is called as:

  1. Metacentric
  2. Submetacentric
  3. Acrocentric
  4. Telocentric
A
  1. Acrocentric
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14
Q

Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and arrangements. This leads us to which of the following as a probable hypothesis?

  1. Disruption of one of these types of structure should necessarily disrupt each of the others as well.
  2. Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
  3. Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structure.
  4. Natural selection for motility must select for microtubular arrays in circular patterns.
A
  1. Natural selection for motility must select for microtubular arrays in circular patterns.
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15
Q

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals.

  1. enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.
  2. enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.
  3. enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.
  4. makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.
A
  1. enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.
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16
Q

Prokaryotic cells have something unique in the form of:

  1. Inclusion bodies
  2. Plasmids
  3. Cell wall

4.70 S ribosomes

A
  1. Inclusion bodies
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17
Q

Gas vacuoles allow cyanobacteria to:

  1. Store carbon dioxide for assimilation
  2. Control their buoyancy
  3. Provide anaerobic conditions to nitrogenase
  4. Eliminate toxic ammonia
A
  1. Control their buoyancy
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18
Q

The lipid component of the plasma membrane mainly consists of:

  1. Triglycerides
  2. Cholesterol
  3. Phosphoglycerides

4 Proteins

A
  1. Phospoglycerides
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19
Q

Carotenoid pigments are found in:

I. Chloroplasts

II. Chromoplasts

III. Leucoplasts

(1) Only I

(2) Only I and II

(3) Only II

(4) I, II and III

A

(2) Only I and II

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20
Q

Microbodies, which help to convert stored lipids into carbohydrates so they can be used for plant growth, are known as:

  1. Peroxisomes
  2. Sphaerosomes
  3. Glyoxysomes
  4. Lysosomes
A
  1. Glyoxysomes
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21
Q

Ribosomes are produced in

  1. Nucleolus
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Golgibody
A
  1. Nucleolus
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22
Q

All the following are the part of a eukaryotic cell endomembranous system except:

  1. Vacuole
  2. Lysosome
  3. Golgi complex
  4. Mitochondria
A
  1. Mitochondria
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23
Q

A feature unique to prokaryotes would be:

  1. A cell wall not made up of cellulose
  2. An extrachromosomal plasmid DNA
  3. A cell membrane of peptidoglycan
  4. Presence of inclusions
A
  1. Presence of inclusions
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24
Q

Chromatophores are:

  1. present in liopolysaccharide layer of gram negative bacteria
  2. colored pigments present in fluorescent

bacteria

  1. vesicles that store pigments in prokaryotic cells
  2. extensions on membrane in cynobacteria
A
  1. extensions on membrane in cynobacteria
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25
Q

The tail of the phospholipid molecule:

  1. is hydrophilic and composed of phosphate
  2. is hydrophilic and composed of saturated hydrocarbons
  3. is hydrophobic and composed of saturated hydrocarbons
  4. is hydrophobic and composed of unsaturated hydrocarbons in cynobacteria
A
  1. is hydrophobic and composed of saturated hydrocarbons
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26
Q

In animal cells, lipid-like steroidal hormones are synthesized in the:

  1. Nucleus
  2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  4. Golgi apparatus
A
  1. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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27
Q

Unless specifically stained by a vital stain like Janus Green, which of the following will not be visible under a microscope?

  1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  3. Golgi apparatus
  4. Mitochondria
A
  1. Mitochondria
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28
Q

Fat soluble pigments like xanthophylls are present in:

  1. Chromoplasts
  2. Aleuroplasts
  3. Elaioplasts
  4. Amyloplasts
A
  1. Chromoplasts
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29
Q

Proteins that are to be used outside the cell are synthesized:

  1. in the mitochondria
  2. on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
  3. on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  4. on free ribosomes
A
  1. on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
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30
Q

The two types of cellular organelles that transform energy are:

(1) Chromoplasts and Leucoplasts

(2) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

(3) Mitochondria and Endoplasmic reticulum

(4) Chloroplasts and Golgi apparatus

A

(2) Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

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31
Q

The arrangement of outer and central microtubules in a cilium is called the:

  1. 9 + 1 pattern
  2. 9 +0 pattern
  3. Flagellin pattern
  4. 9 +2 pattern
A
  1. 9 + 2 pattern
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32
Q

Which of the following structure is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

(1) Nuclear envelope

(2) Ribosome

(3) Mesosome

(4) Plasma membrane

A

(1) Nuclear envelope

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33
Q

Algae have cell wall made up of

(1) cellulose, galactans and mannans

(2) hemicellulose, pectins and proteins

(3) pectins, cellulose and proteins

(4) cellulose, hemicellulose and pectins

A

(1) cellulose, galactans and mannans

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34
Q

Pigment-containing membranous extensions in some cyanobacteria are

(1) heterocysts

(2) basal bodies

(3) pneumatophores

(4) chromatophores

A

(4) chromatophores

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35
Q

Which among the following are the smallest living cells, known without a definite cell wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals and can survive without oxygen?

(1) Bacillus

(2) Pseudomonas

(3) Mycoplasma

(4) Nostoc

A

(3) Mycoplasma

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36
Q

Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP?

(1) Lysosome

(2) Ribosome

(3) Chloroplast

(4) Mitochondrion

A

(4) Mitochondrion

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37
Q

Select the mismatch.

  1. Gas vacuoles - Green bacteria Cells
  2. Large central vacuoles - Animal cells
  3. Protists Eukaryotes
  4. Methanogens - Prokaryotes
A
  1. Large central vacuoles - Animal cells
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38
Q

Select the wrong statement.

(1) Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan

(2) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells

(3) Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells

(4) Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism

A

(2) Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells

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39
Q

A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzyme is

(1) lysosome

(2) microsome

(3) ribosome

(4) mesosome

A

(1) lysosome

40
Q

Microtubules are the constituents of

(1) spindle fibres, centrioles and cilia

(2) centrioles, spindle fibres and chromatin

(3) centrosome, nucleosome and centrioles

(4) cilia, flagella and peroxisomes

A

(1) spindle fibres, centrioles and cilia

41
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplast are

I.semi-autonomous organelles.

II. formed by division of pre-existing organelles and they contain DNA but lack protein synthesizing machinery.

Which one of the following options is correct?

(1) II is true but I is false

(2) I is true but II is false

(3) Both I and I are false

(4) Both I and II are correct

A

(2) I is true but II is false

42
Q

A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of RNA is known as

(1) polymer

(2) polypeptide

(3) okazaki fragment

(4) polysome

A

(4) polysome

43
Q

Which of the following is not a feature of the plasmids?

(a) Circular structure

(b) Transferable

(c) Single-stranded

(d) Independent replication

A

(c) Single-stranded

44
Q

Water soluble pigments found in plant cell vacuoles are

(1) chlorophylls

(2) carotenoids

(3) anthocyanins

(4) xanthophylls

A

(3) anthocyanins

45
Q

Balbiani rings are sites of

  1. lipid synthesis
  2. nucleotide synthesis
  3. polysaccharide synthesis
  4. RNA and protein synthesis
A
  1. RNA and protein synthesis
46
Q

Which of the following are not membrane-bound?

  1. Vacuoles
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Lysosomes
  4. Mesosomes
A
  1. Ribosomes
47
Q

A protoplast is a cell

a. without plasma membrane

b. without nucleus

c. undergoing division

d. without cell wall

A

d. without cell wall

48
Q

Cellular organelles with membranes are

  1. nuclei, ribosomes and mitochondria
  2. chromosomes, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
  3. endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and nuclie
  4. lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
A
  1. lysosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
49
Q

The structures that are formed by stacking of organised flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are

  1. cristae
  2. grana
  3. stroma lamellae
  4. stroma
A
  1. grana
50
Q

Select the correct matching in the following pairs.

(1) Smooth ER-Oxidation of phospholipids

(2) Smooth ER-Synthesis of lipids

(3) Rough ER-Synthesis of glycogen

(4) Rough ER-Oxidation of fatty acids

A

(2) Smooth ER-Synthesis of lipids

51
Q

Which one of the following is not an inclusion body found in prokaryotes?

  1. Phosphate granule
  2. Cyanophycean granule
  3. Glycogen granule
  4. Polysome
A
  1. Polysome
52
Q

Nuclear envelope is derivative of

  1. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  2. memebrane of Golgi complex
  3. microtubles
  4. rough endoplasmic reticulum
A
  1. rough endoplasmic reticulum
53
Q

Cytochromes are found in

  1. matrix of mitochondria
  2. outer wall of mitochondria
  3. cristae of mitochondria
  4. lysosomes
A
  1. cristae of mitochondria
54
Q

Which structures perform the function of mitochondria in bacteria?

  1. Nucleoid
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Cell wall
  4. Mesosomes
A
  1. Mesosomes
55
Q

The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having a diameter of 6nm and made up of a single

type of monomer are known as

  1. microtubules
  2. microfilaments
  3. intermediate filaments
  4. lamins
A
  1. microfilaments
56
Q

The osmotic expansion of a cell kept in water is chiefly regulated by

  1. mitochondria
  2. vacuoles
  3. plastids
  4. ribosomes
A
  1. vacuoles
57
Q

The motile bacteria are able to move by

  1. fimbriae
  2. flagella
  3. cilia
  4. pili
A
  1. flagella
58
Q

A major site for synthesis of lipids is

  1. RER
  2. SER
  3. symplast
  4. nucleoplasm
A
  1. SER
59
Q

The Golgi complex plays a major role:

(1) in trapping the light and transforming it into chemical energy

(2) in digesting proteins and carbohydrates

(3) as energy transferring organelles

(4) in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids

A

(4) in post translational modification of proteins and glycosidation of lipids

60
Q

Ribosomal RNA is actively synthesized in

  1. lysosomes
  2. nucleolus
  3. nucleoplasm
  4. ribosomes
A
  1. nucleolus
61
Q

What is true about ribosomes?

  1. The prokaryotic ribosomes are 80 S, where S stands for sedimentation coefficient
  2. These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins
  3. These are found only in eukaryotic cells
  4. These are self-splicing introns of some RNAs
A
  1. These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins
62
Q

Select the correct statement from the following regarding cell membrane.

  1. Na* and K ions move across cell membrane by passive transport
  2. Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane
  3. Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar

heads towards the inner part

  1. Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson
A
  1. Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson
63
Q

Important site for formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids is

  1. Golgi apparatus
  2. plastid
  3. Lysosome
  4. vacuole
A
  1. Golgi apparatus
64
Q

Which one of the following also act as a ribozyme in a bacterial cell?

  1. snRNA
  2. hn RNA
  3. 23 S rRNA
  4. 5 S rRNA
A
  1. 23 S rRNA
65
Q

In eubacteria, a cellular component that resembles eukaryotic cells is

  1. nucleus
  2. ribosomes
  3. cell wall
  4. plasma membrane
A
  1. plasma membrane
66
Q

Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in

  1. mitochondria
  2. chromoplast
  3. ribosomes
  4. chloroplast
A
  1. Ribosomes
67
Q

Which one of the following structures between two adjacent cells is an effective transport

pathway?

  1. Plasmodesmata
  2. Plastoquinones
  3. Endoplasmic reticulum
  4. Plasmalemma
A
  1. Plasmodesmata
68
Q

Which one of the following has its own DNA?

  1. Mitochondria
  2. Dictyosome
  3. Lysosome
  4. Peroxisome
A
  1. Mitochondria
69
Q

The main arena of various types of activities of a cell is

  1. plasma membrane
  2. mitochondrion
  3. cytoplasm
  4. nucleus
A
  1. Cytoplasm
70
Q

The plasma membrane consists mainly of

  1. phospholipids embedded in a protein bilayer
  2. proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
  3. proteins embedded in a polymer of glucose molecules
  4. proteins embedded in a carbohydrate bilayer
A
  1. proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer
71
Q

Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plants contains

  1. light-independent reaction enzymes
  2. light-dependent reaction enzymes
  3. ribosomes
  4. chlorophyll
A
  1. light-independent reaction enzymes
72
Q

Middle lamella is mainly composed of

  1. hemicellulose
  2. muramic acid
  3. calcium pectate
  4. phosphoglycerides
A
  1. calcium pectate
73
Q

Plasmodesmata are

  1. lignified cemented layers between cells
  2. locomotory structures
  3. membranes connecting the nucleus with plasmalemma
  4. connections between adjacent cells
A
  1. connections between adjacent cells
74
Q

Cytoskeleton is made up of

  1. calcium carbonate granules
  2. callose deposits
  3. cellulosic microfibrils
  4. proteinaceous filaments
A
  1. proteinaceous filaments
75
Q

Keeping in view the ‘fluid mosaic model for the structure of cell membrane, which one of

the following statements is correct with respect to the movement of lipids and proteins

from one lipid monolayer to the other (described as flip-flop movement)?

  1. Both lipids and proteins can flip-flop
  2. While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot
  3. While proteins can flip-flop, lipids cannot
  4. Neither lipids, nor proteins can flip-flop
A
  1. While lipids can rarely flip-flop, proteins cannot
76
Q

Polysome is formed by

  1. several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA
  2. many ribosomes attached to a strand of endoplasmic reticulum
  3. a ribosome with several subunits
  4. ribosomes attached to each other in a linear arrangement
A
  1. several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA
77
Q

The two subunits of ribosome remain united at a critical ion level of

  1. copper
  2. manganese
  3. magnesium
  4. calcium
A
  1. Magnesium
78
Q

Vacuole in a plant cell:

  1. is membrane-bound and contains storage proteins and lipids
  2. is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances
  3. lacks membrane and contains air
  4. lacks membrane and contains water

and excretory substances

A
  1. is membrane-bound and contains water and excretory substances
79
Q

In germinating seeds fatty acids are degraded exclusively in the

  1. proplastids
  2. glyoxysomes
  3. peroxisomes
  4. mitochondria
A
  1. glyoxysomes
80
Q

Which one of the following is not a constituent of cell membrane ?

  1. Cholesterol
  2. Glycolipids
  3. Proline
  4. Phospholipids
A
  1. Proline
81
Q

Lysozyme that is present in perspiration, saliva and tears, destroys:

  1. certain fungi
  2. certain types of bacteria
  3. all viruses
  4. most virus-infected cells
A
  1. certain types of bacteria
82
Q

Select the wrong statement from the following:

  1. both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain an inner and an outer membrane
  2. both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane
  3. both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain DNA
  4. the chloroplasts are generally much larger than mitochondria
A
  1. both chloroplasts and mitochondria have an internal compartment, the thylakoid space bounded by the thylakoid membrane
83
Q

Which of the following statements regarding mitochondrial membrane is not correct?

  1. The outer membrane is permeable to all kinds of molecules
  2. The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane
  3. The inner membrane is highly convoluted forming a series of infoldings
  4. The outer membrane resembles a sieve
A
  1. The enzymes of the electron transfer chain are embedded in the outer membrane
84
Q

Which of the following statements regarding cilia is not correct?

  1. The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca2+ across the membrane
  2. Cilia are hair-like cellular appendages
  3. Microtubules of cilia are composed of tubulin
  4. Cilia contain an outer ring of nine doublet microtubules surrounding two single microtubules
A
  1. The organized beating of cilia is controlled by fluxes of Ca2+ across the membrane
85
Q

The organelle common among prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is

(1) centrosome

(2) ribosome

(3) peroxisome

(4) glyoxysome

A
  1. Ribosome
86
Q

Which one of the following phenomena is commonly referred as ‘cell drinking?

  1. Endocytosis
  2. Exocytosis
  3. Phagocytosis
  4. Pinocytosis
A
  1. Pinocytosis
87
Q

If a chloroplast of plant is isolated and studied in a test tube the investigation is described

as

  1. in vivo
  2. in vitro
  3. in situ
  4. none of these.
A
  1. In vitro
88
Q

An organelle present in all plant cells but absent from those of animals is

  1. Mitochondria
  2. peroxisome
  3. glyoxysomes
  4. Centrioles
A
  1. Glyoxysomes
89
Q

Primary cell wall consists of a loose network of cellulose microfibrils impregnated with a

matrix of

  1. glycoprotein and flavoprotein
  2. hemicellulose and flavoprotein
  3. hemicellulose and pectin
  4. flavoprotein and pectin.
A
  1. hemicellulose and pectin
90
Q

Which of the following is not a true subcellular organelle ?

  1. Peroxisome
  2. Ribosome
  3. Chloroplast
  4. Lysosome.
A
  1. Ribosome
91
Q

Golgi body is associated with

  1. packaging and storage of material
  2. cell wall formation
  3. transport of enzyme
  4. all of the above
A
  1. All of the above
92
Q

Which of the following cytoskelelal components of an eukaryotic cell play a major role in

protoplasmic streaming?

  1. Microtubules
  2. microfilaments
  3. Intermediate filaments
  4. None of these
A
  1. Microfilaments
93
Q

Free radicals in our body have been implicated in

  1. ageing
  2. certain degenerative disorders
  3. neurodegeneration
  4. all the above
A
  1. All of the above
94
Q

Which is not true for prokaryotic cells?

  1. They are smaller than eukaryotic cells.
  2. They lack membrane-bound organelles.
  3. Their genetic material is localised within nucleoid.
  4. They contain a well developed cytoskeleton
A
  1. They contain a well developed cytoskeleton
95
Q

If there were present no subcellular organelles in a eukaroytic cell, the rate of metabolism will

  1. increase
  2. decrease
  3. not change
  4. increase dramatically.
A
  1. Decrease

Botany (5 decks)

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