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Foundations In Biology > Cell Strucutre > Flashcards

Cell Strucutre Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 4 different types of microscopes

A

Light microscope, TEM, SEM, scanning confocal microscope

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2
Q

Explain how a liquid slide for a light microscope would be prepared.

A

Add a few drops of sample to the slide using a pipette. Cover the liquid with a cover slip and gently press down to remove air bubbles. Wear gloves to ensure there is no cross contamination.

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3
Q

Explain how solid specimen slide would be prepared for a light microscope.

A

Use scissors to cut a small sample of the tissue. Peel away or cut a very thin layer of cells from the sample place on the slide. Apply a stain gently place cover slip on top and press down to remove any air bubbles.

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4
Q

How would you bring a blurry image interview on a light microscope?

A

Switch to the lower power objective lens. Use coarse focus knob to obtain clearer image.

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5
Q

What is the use of staining in microscopy?

A

Makes the structures visible, provided contrast. Allows different structures to be distinguished.

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6
Q

What is the formula for magnification?

A

Magnification= image size/object size

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7
Q

What is the importance of the cytoskeleton?

A

To include providing mechanical strength to cells, enabling transport within cells, and enabling cell movement

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8
Q

What is the maximum resolution and magnification of a light microscope?

A

Magnification is 1500-2000. Resolution is 200nm

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9
Q

What is the magnification and resolution of a laser scanning microscope?

A

Resolution and magnification both higher than light microscope

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10
Q

What is the magnification and resolution of a transmission electron microscope?

A

Magnification is 1 million resolution is 0.2nm

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11
Q

What is the magnification and resolution of a scanning, electron microscope?

A

Magnification is 200,000 resolution is 0.2nm

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12
Q

What is magnification?

A

The number of times larger the image is compare to the actual size of the object

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13
Q

What is resolution?

A

The ability to distinguish between two close points as being separate. The clarity and detail of the image

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14
Q

What is differential staining?

A

Different stains bind to different structures and chemical substances within cells.

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15
Q

What does the nucleus do?

A

Stores DNA and controls cell activities

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16
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

Makes ribosomes and RNA

17
Q

What is the nuclear envelope do?

A

It is the membrane surrounding the nucleus. Keeps DNA enclosed

18
Q

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Produces proteins for the rest of the cell studded with ribosomes, which produce proteins.

19
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

Modifies, proteins and lipids by adding carbohydrate chains.

20
Q

What do lysosomes do?

A

They store hydrolytic, enzymes and digest and destroy old organelles.

21
Q

What does a smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

A

It’s in the sizes and transport, lipids and steroid hormones.

22
Q

What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, where is prokaryotic cells do not.

23
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

They produce spindle fibres, which separate chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis.

24
Q

Name, three different types of stains

A

Iodine, cellulose, methylene, blue, DNA blue.

25
Q

What is the role of lysosomes and vesicles?

A

Vesicle- a membrane-bound sac for transport and storage

Lysosome-break down waste materials

26
Q

What organelles are involved in the production of proteins?

A

Nucleus, ribosomes, rough, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, apparatus, and cell surface membrane

27
Q

What are the main two types of protein fibres in the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments (cause cell movement)
Microtubules (hollow strands used to move contents around)

28
Q

What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic cells or smaller than eukaryotic cells have a cytoplasm that lacks a membrane bound organelles. Their ribosomes are smaller. They have no nucleus and they have a cell wall that contains Murein

Foundations In Biology (1 decks)

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