Cell Strucutre Flashcards
Name the 4 different types of microscopes
Light microscope, TEM, SEM, scanning confocal microscope
Explain how a liquid slide for a light microscope would be prepared.
Add a few drops of sample to the slide using a pipette. Cover the liquid with a cover slip and gently press down to remove air bubbles. Wear gloves to ensure there is no cross contamination.
Explain how solid specimen slide would be prepared for a light microscope.
Use scissors to cut a small sample of the tissue. Peel away or cut a very thin layer of cells from the sample place on the slide. Apply a stain gently place cover slip on top and press down to remove any air bubbles.
How would you bring a blurry image interview on a light microscope?
Switch to the lower power objective lens. Use coarse focus knob to obtain clearer image.
What is the use of staining in microscopy?
Makes the structures visible, provided contrast. Allows different structures to be distinguished.
What is the formula for magnification?
Magnification= image size/object size
What is the importance of the cytoskeleton?
To include providing mechanical strength to cells, enabling transport within cells, and enabling cell movement
What is the maximum resolution and magnification of a light microscope?
Magnification is 1500-2000. Resolution is 200nm
What is the magnification and resolution of a laser scanning microscope?
Resolution and magnification both higher than light microscope
What is the magnification and resolution of a transmission electron microscope?
Magnification is 1 million resolution is 0.2nm
What is the magnification and resolution of a scanning, electron microscope?
Magnification is 200,000 resolution is 0.2nm
What is magnification?
The number of times larger the image is compare to the actual size of the object
What is resolution?
The ability to distinguish between two close points as being separate. The clarity and detail of the image
What is differential staining?
Different stains bind to different structures and chemical substances within cells.
What does the nucleus do?
Stores DNA and controls cell activities
What does the nucleolus do?
Makes ribosomes and RNA
What is the nuclear envelope do?
It is the membrane surrounding the nucleus. Keeps DNA enclosed
What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?
Produces proteins for the rest of the cell studded with ribosomes, which produce proteins.
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Modifies, proteins and lipids by adding carbohydrate chains.
What do lysosomes do?
They store hydrolytic, enzymes and digest and destroy old organelles.
What does a smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
It’s in the sizes and transport, lipids and steroid hormones.
What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, where is prokaryotic cells do not.
What do centrioles do?
They produce spindle fibres, which separate chromosomes in meiosis and mitosis.
Name, three different types of stains
Iodine, cellulose, methylene, blue, DNA blue.
What is the role of lysosomes and vesicles?
Vesicle- a membrane-bound sac for transport and storage
Lysosome-break down waste materials
What organelles are involved in the production of proteins?
Nucleus, ribosomes, rough, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, apparatus, and cell surface membrane
What are the main two types of protein fibres in the cytoskeleton?
Microfilaments (cause cell movement)
Microtubules (hollow strands used to move contents around)
What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
Prokaryotic cells or smaller than eukaryotic cells have a cytoplasm that lacks a membrane bound organelles. Their ribosomes are smaller. They have no nucleus and they have a cell wall that contains Murein
