cell structures and functions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

protein synthesis
Structures → cytoplasms bound to ER

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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

controls activity of the cell (stores genetic information)

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3
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A
  • where aerobic respiration occurs
  • release,transfer energy from respiration
    -atp is produced
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4
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

where metabollic reactions occur

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5
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

-photosynthesis
-have chlorophyll where light dependent reactions occur

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6
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A
  • controls organelles entering/leaving the cell
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7
Q

What is the function of the large permanent vacuole?

A
  • regulates osmosis
    -contains cell sap, maintenance of turgor, rigid framework of cell
  • membrane of vacuole = tonoplast
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8
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A
  • provides tensile strength
    (defence mechanism against pathogens)
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9
Q

What is the function of the vesicles?

A

-transport and store molecules
(secretary vesicles)
-vesicles transport molecules to plasma membrane

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10
Q

What is the function of the nuclear pores?

A
  • transport molecules in and out of nucleus
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11
Q

What is the function of the centrioles?

A
  • produce the cytoskeleton
    -forms spindle for cell division
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12
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A
  • modify proteins and package them into vesicles
  • always near vesicles
    -side where vesicles enter, fuse with golgi = cis face
    side where they leave = trans face
    structure - stack of cisternae
    Exocytosis → secretary products passed out of cell transport vesicle fuses with plasma membrane to allow expulsion of secretion
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13
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • ribosomes bound to the surface and responsible for synthesis and transport of proteins
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14
Q

What is the function of the cisternae?

A

-tunnels
- responsible for transport

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15
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • responsible for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and stores them
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16
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A
  • produces ribosomes by synthesising ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
  • composed of proteins and RNA
    no nucleolus = cell dies
17
Q

What is the function of the lysosome?

A

Contains hydrolysing enzymes and breaks down cells, waste materials
Structure -spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane

18
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Structure → protein threads, mâché up of microfilament, microtubules
  • functions → provides mechanical strength to cell maintaining shape of cell
  • movement of cilia and flagella, muscle contractions movement of chromosomes