CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Flashcards
The three major parts of the cell
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
being the outermost part, has the role of protecting the cell and its contents
Cell membrane
in the middle layer where most of the activities of the cell take place
Cytoplasm
serves as the brain of the cell, directs all of the cell’s activities
Nucleus
controls the exchange of the cells essential components
cell membrane
a double layer of fats and proteins
Phospholipid bilayer
prominent type of lipid molecule
Phospholipid
water loving
hydrophilic
water fearing
hydrophobic
cant pass idependently as they cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior
Polar substances
can pass through the membrane because of its hydrophobic interior
Lipids such as cholesterol
area in which the organelles are located
cytoplasm
allows for cell expansion and growth
cytoplasm
in the cytoplasm, the organelles are suspended in a gel-like solution called __
cytosol
Nucleus is discovered by ___ in 1833
Robert brown
dubbed as the control center
nucleus
holds chromosomes which carry the tightly wrapped and coiled DNA
Nucleus
two non-polar fatty acid chain groups are attatched to each phospholipid
hydrophobic tail
a phosphate group attached to each lipid molecule
hydrophilic head
consists of a network of structures involved in many functions
Endomembrane system
a vital function in the endomembrane system
protein movement
essential in carrying out the processs within the cell
protein movement
role of transport ensures the flow of activities in the cell, such as
ensuring the adaptation, wrapping, and the transfer of protein across the cell
endo
within
organelles of the Endomembrane system
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Centrosomes
Golgi Apparatus
transporting molecules across the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
ER is coined by ___ in 1953
Keith R. Porter
The roles of Er is revealed by
George Emil Palade and his associates
capable of assembling new lipids
Endoplasmic reticulum
2 types of ER
Rough (granualr) ER
Smooth (aggranular) ER
its primary function is synthesizing and modifying proteins
RoughER
to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
Rough ER
has no ribosome in ER
Smooth ER
Has ribosome in ER
Rough ER
incorporates proteins accross the cytoplasm
Smooth ER
transport synthesized proteins across cytoplasm
Smooth ER
involved in providing a frame for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell
Ribosmes
Ribosomes was characterize by
George Emil Palade in 1952
fluid-filled vesicle enclosed by a membrane
vacuoles
what organelles vary in plant and animals
vacuoles
dako ang volume ma take sa plant cell kay mu absorb mn syag water, waste, etc
vacuoles in the animal cell functions in
exocytosis and endocytosis
in ribosomes,what is the process called on synthesizing protein
Translation
reading the rna and synthesize protein
Ribosomes
average mammalian cell has
10 million ribosomes
ribosomes has what units
large and small sub units
