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General biology > CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS > Flashcards

CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The three major parts of the cell

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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2
Q

being the outermost part, has the role of protecting the cell and its contents

A

Cell membrane

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3
Q

in the middle layer where most of the activities of the cell take place

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

serves as the brain of the cell, directs all of the cell’s activities

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

controls the exchange of the cells essential components

A

cell membrane

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6
Q

a double layer of fats and proteins

A

Phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

prominent type of lipid molecule

A

Phospholipid

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8
Q

water loving

A

hydrophilic

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9
Q

water fearing

A

hydrophobic

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10
Q

cant pass idependently as they cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior

A

Polar substances

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11
Q

can pass through the membrane because of its hydrophobic interior

A

Lipids such as cholesterol

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12
Q

area in which the organelles are located

A

cytoplasm

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13
Q

allows for cell expansion and growth

A

cytoplasm

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14
Q

in the cytoplasm, the organelles are suspended in a gel-like solution called __

A

cytosol

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15
Q

Nucleus is discovered by ___ in 1833

A

Robert brown

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16
Q

dubbed as the control center

A

nucleus

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17
Q

holds chromosomes which carry the tightly wrapped and coiled DNA

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

two non-polar fatty acid chain groups are attatched to each phospholipid

A

hydrophobic tail

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19
Q

a phosphate group attached to each lipid molecule

A

hydrophilic head

20
Q

consists of a network of structures involved in many functions

A

Endomembrane system

21
Q

a vital function in the endomembrane system

A

protein movement

22
Q

essential in carrying out the processs within the cell

A

protein movement

23
Q

role of transport ensures the flow of activities in the cell, such as

A

ensuring the adaptation, wrapping, and the transfer of protein across the cell

24
Q

endo

A

within

25
Q

organelles of the Endomembrane system

A

Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Vacuoles
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Centrosomes
Golgi Apparatus

26
Q

transporting molecules across the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

ER is coined by ___ in 1953

A

Keith R. Porter

28
Q

The roles of Er is revealed by

A

George Emil Palade and his associates

29
Q

capable of assembling new lipids

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

2 types of ER

A

Rough (granualr) ER
Smooth (aggranular) ER

31
Q

its primary function is synthesizing and modifying proteins

A

RoughER

32
Q

to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

A

Rough ER

33
Q

has no ribosome in ER

A

Smooth ER

34
Q

Has ribosome in ER

A

Rough ER

35
Q

incorporates proteins accross the cytoplasm

A

Smooth ER

36
Q

transport synthesized proteins across cytoplasm

A

Smooth ER

37
Q

involved in providing a frame for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

38
Q

present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell

A

Ribosmes

39
Q

Ribosomes was characterize by

A

George Emil Palade in 1952

40
Q

fluid-filled vesicle enclosed by a membrane

A

vacuoles

41
Q

what organelles vary in plant and animals

A

vacuoles
dako ang volume ma take sa plant cell kay mu absorb mn syag water, waste, etc

42
Q

vacuoles in the animal cell functions in

A

exocytosis and endocytosis

43
Q

in ribosomes,what is the process called on synthesizing protein

A

Translation

44
Q

reading the rna and synthesize protein

A

Ribosomes

45
Q

average mammalian cell has

A

10 million ribosomes

46
Q

ribosomes has what units

A

large and small sub units

General biology (1 decks)

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