Cell Structures and Functions Flashcards
who coined the term cell
robert hooke
(50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow stated what?
“all cells come from cells”
2 types of microscope?
compound microscope (2000x magnification) and electron microscope (500 000x magniifcation)
3 main structure of cell
*plasma membrane
*cytoplasm
*nucleus
Little organs that carry out specialized functions, Cellular machinery
organelles
Separates the cytoplasm from the cell’s surroundings. The cell’s surface also transport substances into and out of the cell.
plasma membrane
Phospholipid Bilayer
Hydrophilic head (Interacts with water), hydrophobic tail
class of lipids that are major component of plasma membrane
phospholipids
This outer covering is positioned next to the cell membrane (plasma membrane) in most plant cells, fungi, bacteria, algae,.
cell wall
Cell Wall Differences:
Plants?
Fungi?
cellulose
contain chitin
Viscous fluid containing organelles
cytoplasm
fluid sa cytoplasm
cytosol
These structures give the cell its shape and help organize the cell’s parts. In addition, they provide a basis for movement and cell division.
cytoskeleton
The cytoplasm is composed of?
water,salt, and protein
cytoskeleton is made up of?
filaments and fibers
3 functions of cytoskeleton:
mechanical support
anchor organelles
help move substances
Made of 3 fiber types:
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
thinnest; composed of the protein-actin
microfilaments
composed of protein – tubulin; involved in nucleic and cell division, organization of intracellular structure, and intracellular transport, as well as ciliary and flagellar motility
microtubules
maintain cell shape and help bind some cells together
intermediate filaments
Provide motility
cilia & flagella
-Short
-Used to move substances outside human cells
cilia
-Whip-like extensions
-Found on sperm cells
flagella
Pairs of microtubular structures
centrioles
groups of threads attached to the centrioles
mitotic spindle
Control center of cell, Double membrane Contains Chromosomes
nucleus
house the DNA
chromosomes
Separates nucleus from rest of cell - Has pores (Nuclear pores)
nuclear envelope
Hereditary material
DNA
protein sa DNA
histone
-Package DNA
-Protect DNA structure and sequence
chromatin
- Contained within the nucleus which is a dense structure that composed of RNA and proteins
- Forms ribosomes
nucleolus
Network of interconnected membranes
endoplasmic reticulum
2 types of endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes attached to surface
-Manufacture protein
-Ribosomes not permanently attached to Rough ER
- May modify proteins from ribosomes
rough ER
- No attached ribosomes
-Has enzymes that help build molecules
-Lipids
smooth ER
organelles that are filled with digestive enzymes to remove waste and invading bacteria, and known as?
lysosome, cell’s suicide bag
Sorts proteins made by the ribosomes and sends them to needed places in the cell
Packaging & shipping station of cell.
and known as?
golgi apparatus, post office of the cell
make proteins (made up of RNA and protein); known as??
factory for protein synthesis in cells.
ribosomes, factories
