Cell Structures and Functions

Question 1

who coined the term cell

Answer 1

robert hooke

Question 2

(50 yrs. later) Rudolf Virchow stated what?

Answer 2

“all cells come from cells”

Question 3

2 types of microscope?

Answer 3

compound microscope (2000x magnification) and electron microscope (500 000x magniifcation)

Question 4

3 main structure of cell

Answer 4

*plasma membrane
*cytoplasm
*nucleus

Question 5

Little organs that carry out specialized functions, Cellular machinery

Answer 5

organelles

Question 6

Separates the cytoplasm from the cell’s surroundings. The cell’s surface also transport substances into and out of the cell.

Answer 6

plasma membrane

Question 7

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 7

Hydrophilic head (Interacts with water), hydrophobic tail

Question 8

class of lipids that are major component of plasma membrane

Answer 8

phospholipids

Question 9

This outer covering is positioned next to the cell membrane (plasma membrane) in most plant cells, fungi, bacteria, algae,.

Answer 9

cell wall

Question 10

Cell Wall Differences:
Plants?
Fungi?

Answer 10

cellulose
contain chitin

Question 11

Viscous fluid containing organelles

Answer 11

cytoplasm

Question 12

fluid sa cytoplasm

Answer 12

cytosol

Question 13

These structures give the cell its shape and help organize the cell’s parts. In addition, they provide a basis for movement and cell division.

Answer 13

cytoskeleton

Question 14

The cytoplasm is composed of?

Answer 14

water,salt, and protein

Question 15

cytoskeleton is made up of?

Answer 15

filaments and fibers

Question 16

3 functions of cytoskeleton:

Answer 16

mechanical support
anchor organelles
help move substances

Question 17

Made of 3 fiber types:

Answer 17

Microfilaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments

Question 18

thinnest; composed of the protein-actin

Answer 18

microfilaments

Question 19

composed of protein – tubulin; involved in nucleic and cell division, organization of intracellular structure, and intracellular transport, as well as ciliary and flagellar motility

Answer 19

microtubules

Question 20

maintain cell shape and help bind some cells together

Answer 20

intermediate filaments

Question 21

Provide motility

Answer 21

cilia & flagella

Question 22

-Short
-Used to move substances outside human cells

Answer 22

cilia

Question 23

-Whip-like extensions
-Found on sperm cells

Answer 23

flagella

Question 24

Pairs of microtubular structures

Answer 24

centrioles

Question 25

groups of threads attached to the centrioles

Answer 25

mitotic spindle

Question 26

Control center of cell, Double membrane Contains Chromosomes

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

house the DNA

Answer 27

chromosomes

Question 28

Separates nucleus from rest of cell - Has pores (Nuclear pores)

Answer 28

nuclear envelope

Question 29

Hereditary material

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

protein sa DNA

Answer 30

histone

Question 31

-Package DNA
-Protect DNA structure and sequence

Answer 31

chromatin

Question 32

• Contained within the nucleus which is a dense structure that composed of RNA and proteins
• Forms ribosomes

Answer 32

nucleolus

Question 33

Network of interconnected membranes

Answer 33

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 34

2 types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 34

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 35

Ribosomes attached to surface
-Manufacture protein
-Ribosomes not permanently attached to Rough ER
- May modify proteins from ribosomes

Answer 35

rough ER

Question 36

• No attached ribosomes
  -Has enzymes that help build molecules
  -Lipids

Answer 36

smooth ER

Question 37

organelles that are filled with digestive enzymes to remove waste and invading bacteria, and known as?

Answer 37

lysosome, cell’s suicide bag

Question 38

Sorts proteins made by the ribosomes and sends them to needed places in the cell
Packaging & shipping station of cell.
and known as?

Answer 38

golgi apparatus, post office of the cell

Question 39

make proteins (made up of RNA and protein); known as??
factory for protein synthesis in cells.

Answer 39

ribosomes, factories