Cell Structures

Question 1

Microfilaments

Answer 1

Rods in cytoplasm from globular protein actin

• gross movement of ENTIRE cell
• divide parents cell, amoeboid movement

Question 2

Mitochondria

Answer 2

• site for oxidative phosphorylation
• produces ATP (via Kreb’s)
• site for proton gradient (ETC)=> produces ATP
• has its own genome, encodes rRNA, tRNA, and proteins
• endosympbiotic theory
• FROM MOM

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

1. nucleolus- ribosome factory, DNA, RNA polymerase, rRNA, protein of ribosome
   - site of transcription of rRNA
2. Nuclear envelope- 2 lipid bilayer membrane, pores= in and out small protiens
   - spicing occurs in the nucleus

Question 4

Peroxisomes

Answer 4

metabolic tasks, enzyme=> peroxide by product
-lipid breakdown
catalase= H2O2=> water and oxygen

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

uses hydrolysis to degrade macromolecules

-use phagocytosis

Question 6

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 6

Cilia- small short hairs, move fluids past cell surface
flagellum- long tail move by wiggling; ex. sperm

both= 9+2 arrangement
protein= dynein and basal body
-made of microtubules

Question 7

Microtubulues

Answer 7

25 nm diameter the biggest of the three

• pull apart chromosomes, “aster”
• transport of substance within a cell

Question 8

Intermediate filaments

Answer 8

• middle size
• made of polypeptides
• makes up cell structure and fixes organelles in place
• heterogenous

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

• UPS man
  1. modify proteins made in RER, oligo chains
  2. Sort and send proteins to correct locations
  3. synthesize macromolecules (polysacc)
• cis= near rough ER
• trans = farthest from ER
• retrograde traffic- protein returns to the ER from golgi apparatus
• phosphorylation, disulfide bridges, glycosylation

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

synthesize proteins

Question 11

Rough ER

Answer 11

-location of synthesis/modification of secretory membrane bound (lipids, carbs) & organelle proteins