Cell Structures

Question 1

The cell theory

Answer 1

1) All organisms are made up of one or more cells
2) The cell is the basic unit of life
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Common cell structures

Answer 2

• Cell membrane
• Cytosol/Cytoplasm
• Genetic Material

Question 3

Types of cells

Answer 3

Prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

Question 4

Prokaryotes

Answer 4

Bacteria, Cyanobacteria

Question 5

Eukaryotes

Answer 5

Animal cells, Plant cells

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Function:
- Controls cell activities
- Contains genetic information (DNA)

Type of cell: All cells except prokaryotes

Question 7

Nucleolus

Answer 7

Function:
- Makes Ribosomes

Type of cell:
- All cells except prokaryotes

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Function:
- Makes proteins

Type of cell:
All cells

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

Function:
- Transports material within the cell
- Aids in protein synthesis

Type of cell:
- All cells except prokaryotes

Question 10

Plasma Membrane

Answer 10

Function:
- Support
- Protection
- Controls movement of material
- Homeostasis

Type of cell:
- All cells

Question 11

Cytosol and Cytoplasm

Answer 11

Cytosol- Jelly like fluid, provides support for cell

Cytoplasm- Contains the Cytosol and all of the organelles besides the nucleus

Function:
- To support and protect organelles

Type of cell: Cytosol is present in all cells

Question 12

Golgi Bodies/apparatus

Answer 12

Function:
- Package and transport proteins out of cell
- Modify proteins

Type or cell:
- Present in all cells except prokaryotes

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

• Has its own DNA
• Smooth outer membrane
• Folded inner membrane (cristae)

Function:
- Release energy from glucose
- Site of aerobic cellular respiration

Type or cell:
- Present in all cells except prokaryotes

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

• Membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes
• Break down old cell parts and invading bacteria/viruses
  Function:
• Transport material out of cell or transports and stores material inside the cell

Question 15

Vesicles

Answer 15

Function:
- Transport material out of cell or transports and stores material inside the cell

Question 16

Vacuoles

Answer 16

Function:
- Contain water and other materials; used for storage

Plant cells~>Usually have one large vacuole
Animal cells~>Have small, if any, vacuoles

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

• Microtubioles make up the cytoskeleton

Function:
- Network of protein fibres
- Supports cell shape
- Anchors organelles
- Acts as highway for movement of material throughout cell

Question 18

Cell Wall

Answer 18

Only in plant cell (plants, fungi, and bacteria)
- Outermost layer
- Made of cellulose
- Perforated-many pores
Rigid

Function:
- Support
- Protection

Question 19

Chloroplast

Answer 19

• Plants and Algae
  -Green, oval
• Contains chlorophyll
• Double Membrane

Function:
- Use energy from the sub to make glucose (Photosynthesis)
- Releases oxygen

Question 20

How organelles interact?

Answer 20

Organelles interact by passing messages and materials to each other, helping the cell work properly