Cell Structure & Organisation Flashcards
What is a prokaryotic cell?
DNA not within nucleus, smaller, no membraned cell organelles (eg. bacteria)
What is a eukaryotic cell?
DNA bound in nucleus, bigger, has endomembrane system with cell organelles (eg. animal/plant cells)
What cell organelles contain DNA?
Nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria (absent in prokaryotes)
What is the protoplasm?
Cytoplasm and cell organelles/nucleus
What is an endomembrane system?
Anything made out of membrane (cell organelles)
What do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?
The presence of cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomes
Why are cells so small?
To increase SA:V ratio, increase rate of diffusion of materials in and out cell
What can be seen under the light microscope?
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
Cell structures in both animals and plant cells
Nucleus (+ nuclear membrane and nucleolus), mitochondria, cytoplasm, cell membrane, RER and SER, ribosomes, Golgi body, lysosomes
What is the cell wall made out of?
Cellulose (multiple layers of the polysaccharide)
What does the xylem transport?
Water, mineral ions
What does the phloem transport?
Sucrose (sugar) and amino acids
What are the storage carbohydrates of animal and plant cells?
Glycogen and starch respectively
What cell organelles are double-membraned?
Nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts (same as those with DNA)
What are nuclear pores?
Protein-lined channels that let mRNA out of nucleus to the ribosomes