Cell Structure + Mulitcellular And Unicellular Flashcards
What is a prokaryote?
It’s a singular prokaryotic cell– a single called organism
What is a eukaryote?
Organism made up of eukaryotic cells
Define what a eukaryotic cell is?
A cell containing a nucleus. Examples include plant and animal cells
What is a prokaryotic cell like?
A cell without a nucleus, smaller than a eukaryotic cell. E.g. bacterium
Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain various cell parts. What is the name for those parts
Sub-cellular structures
What is the function of a nucleus?
It contains genetic material, controls activities of a cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It’s a gel like substance where most chemical reactions happen, contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions
What is the function of a cell membrane?
Holds the cells together and controls what goes in and out
What is the function of the mitochondria?
They’re the site of aerobic respiration. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What is the function of the ribosome?
These are where proteins are made in the cell
What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t have?
Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don’t have?
Cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts
What is the function of the cell wall?
It’s rigid structure made of cellulose. It supports and strengthens the cell
What is the function of the permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salts
What’s the function of chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis, makes food for plants. Contains green substances called chlorophyll– absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
Bacterium are prokaryotic. What do they have differently to animal and plant cells and what do they have similar?
Similar: plant wall, ribosomes, cytoplasm
Difference: has plasmids and circular strand of DNA
What are plasmids?
Plasmids are small rings of DNA. Bacteria may contain one or more
What do bacteria have in replacement for a nucleus?
A singular strand of DNA. It moves freely in the cytoplasm.
Define a multicellular organism
An organism made up of several/multiple cells
What is a unicellular organism?
An organism made up of one cell only
Are prokaryotes and eukaryotes related to unicellular and multicellular organism?
You’re most likely to find that eukaryotes are found in multicellular organisms yet prokaryotes are unicellular (e.g. bacteria)
List an example of a multicellular organism
Humans, cats, dogs, plants
List three examples of unicellular organisms
Amoeba, paramecium, euglena
How do unicellular adapt to live with only one cell? Use the three examples listed before; mention feeding, movement and how they cope in living conditions (6)
Amoeba: moves and feeds with their pseudopods (extending and retracting it). They can alter their shape to swallow up prey. No cell wall to lend them free movement. Most have contractile vacuoles to be able to live in hypotonic conditions.
Paramecium: movement is cause by little hairs all around the cell called cilia. Used to propel them forward + backwards. Feeds using their cilia to sweep the prey along with water into oral groove and into the cell. Also has contractile vacuole cause they live in hypotonic conditions.
Euglena: they actually feed of photosynthesis when they have a sufficient supply of sunlight available to them. But otherwise they feed off peptone, acetate, ethanol, or carbohydrates. They use they flagellum to move around.
