cell structure in eukaryotes Flashcards
what is the cytosol
liquid component of the cell
what is the cytoplasm
liquid/organelles/molecules in the cell
what is the structure of the nucleus
-double membrane
-RNA move through nuclear pores
-chromatin
-nucleolus
what is the chromatin
consist of DNA and histones scattered in the nucleus
what is the nucleolus
consist of DNA, RNA, Proteins
-is dense region where ribosomes synthesised
what is the function of the nucleus
-control cell functions via DNA transcription
-controlling gene expression
-protein synthesis and ribosome production
-storing DNA
structure of the cell surface membrane
-Phospholipid bilayer
-phosphate head=hydrophilic
-fatty tail=hydrophobic
functions of cell surface membrane
-entry and exit of substances
-partially permeable
structure of mitochondria
-has inner and outer membrane.
-inner membrane high surface area.
-folded to form cristae
-own DNA to synthesis specific enzymes
function of mitochondria
aerobic respiration
structure of ribosome
-2 protein subunits
-1 large subunit
-1 small subunit
-often associated with RER but can be free in cytoplasm
structure of golgi complex
-comprise golgi apparatus, 7 vesicles
-golgi apparatus membrane bound,fluid filled structure
-vesicles detached fluid filled pockets
function of the golgi complex
-process/package proteins and lipids
-proteins and lipids stored in vesicles to be transported out of cell
structure of lysosome
-type of vesicle
-enzymes such as lysosome which breaks apart molecules
function of lysosome
-digest invading cells, old cell parts and complex bio molecules
structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
-ribosomes attach along outer surface
-large surface area increase rate of protein synthesis
function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
protein synthesis to assemble amino acids into polypeptides, then fold to give 3D structure
structure of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
-network of long,thin cisternae
-high surface area
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
synthesis/modification of lipids
why might lipids have to be synthesised
e.g produce phospholipids for membranes
structure of permanent cell vacuole
-membrane bound pocket of cell sap
-membrane called tonoplast
function of permanent cell vacuole
-maintain osmotic pressure in cell
-store unwanted cell sap
Structure of cell wall
-Rigid, provide definite structure to cell
-permeable
-plants and algae made of cellulose
are permanent cell vacuoles found in animals
no they are only found in plants
What structure do chloroplasts contain
discs called thylakoids
what is the gel like stroma in chloroplast surrounded by
a double membrane
what do the thylakoids contain
light absorbing pigments
when stacked what do thylakoids form
grana
what are thylakoids linked by
membranes called lamella
what is the function of chloroplasts
photosynthesis
what is the structure of a vesicle
membrane filled sac
what is the function of the vesicle
storage/transport of substances
what are fungi cell wall walls made of
made of chitin
what are bacteria cell walls made of
peptidoglycan
what are cilia
hair like structures found on surface membrane of some animal cells
what does the cross section of cilia show
outer membrane and ring of 9 pairs of protein microtubules,
single pair of microtubules in middle
what arangment is formed in cilia
9+2
what do microtubules allow cilia to do
allows them to move
why is movement important to cilia
cilia can push substances along cell surfaces
what is the structure of undulipodia (Flagellum)
is very similar to cilia but longer
how does the Flagellum move
microtubules contract which moves flagellum
what does centrioles consist of
2 bundles of microtubules at right angles to each other
what do centrioles do during cell division
help with separation of chromosomes during division
what do centrioles help form
cilia and undulipodia
where are centrioles commonly found
in animal cells and rarely in plant cells
what does the cytoskeleton consist of
microfilaments (very thin)
microtubules (cylindrical)
what does the cytoskeleton do
aid in transport and hold organelles in place
