Cell structure - eukaryotes Flashcards
what is the cell-surface membrane made of?
proteins and lipids
what is the role of the cell-surface membrane
controls movement in and out of cell
has receptor molecules to respond to chemicals
structure of the nucleus
surrounded by nuclear envelope (double membrane)
nuclear pores
contains : chromosomes
protein-bound linear DNA
one or more nucleiwhat is the function of the nucleus
controls cell’s activities
nuclear pores allows mRNA + ribosomes to pass
nucleolus makes ribosomes
structure of mitochondria
double membrane inner membrane - cristae matrix inside( contains enzymes)
function of mitochondria
site of aerobic respiration
where are chloroplasts found
plants
algae
chloroplast structure
double membraned thylakoids stacked to make grana grana linked by lamellae chlorophyll starch granules circular DNA
function of chloroplast
site of photosynthesis
golgi apparatus structure
fluid-filled membrane-bound sacs
function of golgi
process + package lipids + proteins
makes lysosomes
golgi vesicle structure
small fluid-filled sac
surrounded by golgi apparatus membrane
golgi vesicle function
stores lipids + proteins from golgi
transports out cells
lysosome structure
type of golgi vesicle
lysosome function
contains hydrolytic enzymes -lysozymes
what do lysozymes do
hydrolyse/ break down pathogens or worn out cell components
ribosomes structure
small organelles
free floats in cytoplasm/ attached to RER
made of proteins + RNA
NOT membrane bound
ribosomes function
site of protein synthesis
rough endoplasmic reticulum structure
system of membranes
with ribosomes embedded in surface
RER function
folds polypeptides (secondary to tertiary) packages to vesicles
smooth endoplasmic reticulum structure
system of membranes
no ribosomes
SER function
synthesis + process lipids
where is a cell wall found
plants
algae
fungi
cell wall structure
rigid structure surrounding cells
plants + algae - cellulose
fungi - chitin
cell wall function
supports cells , preventing cells changing shape + bursting
cell vacuole structure
surrounded by tonoplast membrane
contains cell sap
what is cell sap
weak solution of sugars + salts
cell vacuole function
maintains pressure in cell (stops wilting)
temporary energy store
isolation of unwanted chemicals in cell
