Cell Structure & Cycle

Question 1

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 1

Gateway point, controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

What is microvilli?

Answer 2

The folds of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell to increase absorption and secretion.

Question 3

What is the nucleus of the cell?

Answer 3

The large structure that contains DNA molecules & nucleolus.

Question 4

What is the nucleolus?

Answer 4

The assembly site for ribosomes.

Question 5

What is the chromatin?

Answer 5

Long thin strands within the nucleus. Each strand is composed of one DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Question 6

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 6

Area of the cell between plasma membrane and nucleus. Includes cytosol and organelles.

Question 7

What is cytosol?

Answer 7

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm where many of the cells’ chemical reactions occur.

Question 8

What is the Mitochondria?

Answer 8

Mitochondria, ribosomes, RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum), SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum), Golgi Complex, Secretory vesicles,

Question 9

What are the ribosomes?

Answer 9

The site of protein synthesis in cytosol RER

Question 10

What are the RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

Answer 10

Synthesize proteins and phospholipids used in the plasma membrane and organelles or secreted via exocytosis.

Question 11

What are the SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)?

Answer 11

Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances; stores calcium.

Question 12

What is the golgi complex?

Answer 12

Receives and modifies proteins from RER; sorts and modifies them for transport.

Question 13

What is the secretory vesicles?

Answer 13

Secrete substances outside the cell by exocytosis.

Question 14

What is the lysosomes?

Answer 14

Enzymes digest and recycle worn-out organelles and substances entering the cell; can digest the cell.

Question 15

What is the peroxisomes?

Answer 15

Produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify harmful substances.

Question 16

What is cytoskeleton?

Answer 16

Three kinds of protein filaments; maintain cell shape and involved in cell movement and movement of organelles.

Question 17

What is the centrosomes?

Answer 17

From mitotic spindle; needed to form cilia and flagella.

Question 18

What is the cilia?

Answer 18

Abundant, hair-like projections that move fluids and particles along the cell surface.

Question 19

What is the flagella?

Answer 19

Long cell projection, whip-like motion moves sperm.

Question 20

What are skeletal muscle cells?

Answer 20

Long cylindrical cells containing specialized proteins (contractile proteins) that enable them to contract (shorten) and move bones.

Question 21

How are contractile proteins organized?

Answer 21

Into repeating units that can be observed under a light microscope as striations.

Question 22

What cells produce mucus?

Answer 22

Goblet cells.

Question 23

What are pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells?

Answer 23

Contains cilia that move substances (like mucus) along the surface of cells.

Question 24

What are non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium with microvilli?

Answer 24

Microvilli increases the surface of the plasma membrane which provides a larger area for absorption of nutrients along the gastrointestinal tract or secretion of product from glands.

Question 25

What are motor neurons?

Answer 25

Nervous tissue cells with many processes (cell extensions) that receive info from other neurons and send electrical signals to muscle cells causing them to contract

Question 26

What are sperm cells?

Answer 26

Small, oval cells with a flagellum that propels them through the female reproductive tract.

Question 27

What are red blood cells?

Answer 27

(Erythrocytes) do NOT have a nucleus (anucleate) but contain large amounts of hemoglobin, a red pigment that binds oxygen.

Question 28

What are white blood cells?

Answer 28

(Thrombocytes) have nuclei with different shapes and defend the body from pathogens and cancerous cells.

Question 29

What is somatic cell division?

Answer 29

When one cell divides to produce two genetically identical cells

Question 30

What is cell division needed for?

Answer 30

Growth of the individual, wound healing, replacement of old and dying cells

Question 31

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 31

A period during which a cell grows and divides into daughter cells.

Question 32

What is the beginning of cell division?

Answer 32

When a cell is produced by cell division

Question 33

What is the end of cell division?

Answer 33

When the cell divides

Question 34

What determines the length of the cell cycle?

Answer 34

The type of cell.

Question 35

What are the two basic periods of cell division?

Answer 35

Interphase & Mitotic Phase

Question 36

What is the interphase?

Answer 36

A long period during which the cell conducts its normal activity, grows, and prepares for cell division.

Question 37

What is the mitotic phase?

Answer 37

Consists of mitosis-when the cell is dividing

Question 38

What are the four stages of mitosis?

Answer 38

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 39

What is a blastula?

Answer 39

An early embryonic stage in which cells are dividing rapidly.

Question 40

What lens would you use to identify interphase, the four stages of mitosis, and cytokinesis?

Answer 40

High power objective lens

Question 41

What is anaphase?

Answer 41

Chromatids of chromosomes separate; moving to opposite poles

Question 42

What is telophase?

Answer 42

Cell reverses prophase activities

Question 43

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 43

Cytoplasm divides into two genetically identical daughter cells; begins during anaphase with formation of cleavage furrow; ends with completion of telophase.