Cell Structure - Chapter 6 Flashcards
Capsule (slime layer)
Outside of cell wall. Can be used to evade the immune system.
Nucleoid Region
Stores circular piece of DNA
Glycocalyx
Polysaccharide layer (slime) to evade immune system
Pili
Protrude from cell wall
Used to attach to things.
Can transfer DNA information
Prokaryotic flagella
Used for movement so swim around
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Make proteins
Nucleus
Double membrane
Smooth with pores
Extends to form endoplasmic reticulum
Houses DNA
Mitochondria
Double membrane
Outer: smooth, inner: folded
Cellular respiration; makes ATP
Nucleolus
Not an organelle.
No membrane
Scaffolding of proteins where ribosomes are made/partially assembled. rRNA synthesized
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Single membrane
Highly folded-cisternae (sacs)
Pores. Attached to nucleus and SER and ribosomes
Synthesis of bound ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Single membrane
Highly folded
Attached to RER and nucleus
Site for lipid synthesis and detoxification
Golgi Apparatus
Single membrane
Folded - cisternae
Synthesis, modification, sorting, ad secretion of cell products
Packages proteins for export
Lysosomes
Single membrane
Digestive organelle
Take in food particles, bacteria, or worn out organelles to be disassembled. Empty contents into food vacuole
Peroxisome
Similar to lysosomes
Breaking down long chain fatty acids and other amino acids through oxidation reactions.
Packaged from RER
Food vacuole
Get contents from lysosomes
Break down food into smaller particles to be recycled or removed from the cell
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane
Pores
Continuous with ER
Information conveyed through pores
Cytoskeleton
Reinforces and maintains shape
Functions in cell movement
Made up of proteins
-micro filaments, micro tubules
Chloroplast
Double membrane (looks like 3) Site of photosynthesis to make carbohydrates
Central vacuole
Designed to store water
Maintain structure of plant cell
Outward pressure maintains turgidity to expose themselves for photosynthesis
Apoptosis and lysosomes
Programmed cell death
Lysosomes aid in cell death by engulfing organelles and other materials for destruction
Micro villi
Folds that aid in the absorption of nutrients
Cisternae
Folded sacs that are created by the folding of a membrane
Found in RER, processing of proteins occur here
