Cell structure - Cell Ultrastructure and Cell Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of a plasmid?

A

It contains genetic material
Plasmids are only found in bacterial cells.

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2
Q

What type of cell has a cell wall made from cellulose?

A

A plant cell.
Bacterium and fungal cells have cell walls but they are not made from cellulose.

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3
Q

Where do most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell?

A

The Cytoplasm
Animal, plant, bacterium and fungal cells all contain a cytoplasm.

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4
Q

This is an animal cell. Name the structures (organelles) labelled
X and Y and describe their function.

A

X - nucleus
Contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls all the activities of the cell.

Y - cytoplasm
a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions of a cell take place

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

-holds the cell together
- controls what substances go in and out of the cell

(cell membrane is found in animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells).

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6
Q

This is an animal cell.

Name another subcellular structure (organelle) other than nucleus and cytoplasm, that can be found in an animal cell that is not shown in the diagram?

A

Mitochondria - where most of the reactions for respiration take place

Ribosomes - where protein synthesis occurs

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7
Q

Give three reasons why this cell could not represent a plant cell?

A

Doesn’t have chloroplast, cell wall or a vacuole.
All of these are needed in a plant cell.

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8
Q

The is a bacterium cell

Name the structures labelled A B and C, and describe their functions.

A

A - Chromosome / chromosomal DNA
One long circular chromosome. It controls the cells’ activities and replication.

B - Cell Wall
Provides structural support.
In a bacterium the cell wall is made from a different substance to cell wall in plant and fungal cells

C- Plasmid
Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.

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9
Q

Bacterial cells are much smaller than animal cells. Describe six differences between bacterial and animal cells.

A

Bacterial cells
- lack organelles
- do not have a nucleus
- DNA floats free in the cytoplasm
- contain plasmids
- do not contain mitochondria
- have a cell wall

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10
Q

This is a plant cell.

What is the name of the organelle labelled J and describe it’s function.

A

Nucleus - it contains the genetic material and controls the activities of the cell

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11
Q

This is a plant cell.

What is the name of the organelle labelled K and describe it’s function.

A

Ribosomes - where protein synthesis occurs

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12
Q

Name one organelle found in plant cells that is not found in animal, bacterial or fungal cells.

A

Chloroplasts

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13
Q

This is a fungal cell

What name is given to the structure labelled?

A

Vacuole

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14
Q

This is a fungal cell

Give two functions of the structure labelled Z

A

Vacuole
- maintaining the cell pH
- storing small molecules

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15
Q

This is a fungal cell

Identify one unlabelled structure shown in the diagram which is not found in animal cells.

A

cell wall

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16
Q

The Diagram shows some structures present in a mesophyll cell from a green plant. Which line in the table identifies correctly the structure in the cell that carry out photosynthesis and contain genetic information?

A

The structure (organelle) labelled 4 is the choloroplasts which is required for photosynthesis.

The structure (organelle) labelled 3 is the nucleus which contains the genetic information and therefore responsible for the cells activities

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17
Q

Diagram shows some structures present in a fungal cell.
Which line in the table identifies correctly the site of aerobic respiration and the structure that provides support for the cell?

A

D
structure 1 is the mitochondria - the site of aerobic respiration in a cell

structure 3 is the cell wall - gives support and structure to the cell

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18
Q

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Give evidence from the diagram that suggests that this cell can carry out photosynthesis

A

The presence of chloroplasts tell us that the cell can carry out photosynthesis.
chloroplasts - the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.

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19
Q

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Give the function of structure P

A

Mitochondria
- site of aerobic respiration with a cell (production of ATP)

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20
Q

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Name structure Q

A

Ribosomes
- where protein synthesis takes place in a cell

Animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells all have ribosomes

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21
Q

The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.

Give one structural difference that would be expected between this cell and a fungal cell

A

cell wall - both plant and fungal cells have a cell wall but in plants it is made of cellulose and in fungal cells it is chitin (so cell wall is composed of different substances)

Fungal cells don’t have chloroplasts

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22
Q

Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.

Name structure A (1)

A

Nucleus

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23
Q

Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.

Give the function of a chloroplast (1)

A

site of photosynthesis

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24
Q

Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.

Suggest why Euglena is not a typical plant cell (1)

A

It has no cell wall, no vacuole and no mitochondria

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25
Q
A

Answer B

J - cell membrane
M - nucleus

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26
Q
A

(i) Cell membrane
ribosome
cytoplasm

(ii) cellulose

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27
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells are found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis. The diagram shows a layer of these cells viewed under a microscope.

Name structure P (1)

A

Cell wall

(note if you were just to give ‘wall’ as the answer you would not get the mark)

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28
Q

Palisade mesophyll cells are found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis. The diagram shows a layer of these cells viewed under a microscope.

Describe the difference that would be found in the ultrastructure of plant cells that do not carry out photosynthesis. (1)

A

They would not contain any chloroplasts

(Note you would not get the mark if you said “contains less chloroplasts OR don’t contain chlorophyl”)

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29
Q

The diagram shows a typical green plant cell and some of its structures.

Using a letter from the diagram, identify one structure that would also be found in an animal cell (1)

A

Y or Z

Y - cytoplasm
Z - mitochondria

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30
Q

The diagram shows a typical green plant cell and some of its structures.

Choose one structure labelled in the diagram and state its function.

A

W (chloroplast)— site of photosynthesis
X (cell wall) — gives structure/shape/support to the cell
Y (cytoplasm) — site of chemical reactions
Z (mitochondria) — site of aerobic respiration/ATP production

31
Q
A

Answer is D

K - cytoplasm
L - cell wall
M - nucleus

32
Q

The list gives four types of cells.
Bacteria, Fungus, Animal
and Plant

Cell membranes are found in all of these cell types. Describe the function of the cell membrane (1)

A

The cell membrane controls/allows entry/exit of materials/substances/molecules.

It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

33
Q

The list gives four types of cells.
Bacteria, Fungus, Animal
and Plant

Name one other structure that is also present in all of these cells (1)

A

ribosome
cytoplasm
Chromosome
cell membrane

34
Q

The diagram shows a typical animal cell and some of its structures.

Choose two of the structures labelled and state their functions (2)

A

Mitochondrion - site of aerobic respiration or releases energy/produces ATP.

Cytoplasm - site of chemical reactions.

Ribosome(s) - site of protein synthesis.

Cell membrane controls or allows entry/exit of materials/substances/
molecules or controls what enters/exits the cell

35
Q
A

Answer is B

Cells P and Q both have a vacuole. Plant cells have vacuoles

36
Q

Paramecium is a single-celled organism which lives in fresh water. The following diagram shows some of its structures.

Choose one of the structures and describe its function (1)

A

Cytoplasm – site of chemical reactions

Cell membrane – controls/allows/lets entry and/or exit/passage of materials/substances/
molecules or Controls what enters/exits

Nucleus – controls (all) cell activity/activities

37
Q

Paramecium is a single-celled organism which lives in fresh water. The following diagram shows some of its structures.

Name the structure present in a plant cell which prevents it from bursting when full of water (1)

A

Cell wall - the purpose of the cell wall is to give strength, structure and support to the cell so that it can keep its shape

38
Q

The diagram below shows parts of a plant cell.

Which part of this cell is composed of cellulose?

A

Answer B - the cell wall

39
Q
40
Q

A group of students carried out an investigation into the variety of cell types.
The types of cell they examined are: animal, plant, fungal and bacterial

Identify the type(s) of cell which have a cell wall (1)

A

Plant, bacterial and fungal

(note you need to give all 3 types of cell to get the 1 mark)

41
Q

A group of students carried out an investigation into the variety of cell types.
The types of cell they examined are: animal, plant, fungal and bacterial

Identify the type(s) of cell which have a plasmid (1)

A

Bacterial cells

42
Q

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A - nucleus
B - cell wall
C - cell membrane
D - ribosome

A

Answer B - the cell wall

43
Q

The diagram shows parts of a plant cell. In which part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?

A

Answer C - the chloroplasts

44
Q

Name the organelle that is the site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts (labelled C in the diagram)

45
Q

Give the name of the jelly-like substance that contains the cell organelles and is the site of many chemical reactions

46
Q

Name the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production in cells

A

Mitochondria

47
Q

It is important that you can identify cell types and their structures using a 3-D diagram like this one.

what type of cell it is?

A

plant cell

48
Q

The diagram shows the structures present in a fungal cell. What is the function of structure X?
A - controls al the cell’s activities
B - is the site of protein synthesis
C - is the site of aerobic respiration
D - is the site of photosynthesis

A

Answer C

Mitochondria is the cell structure which is the site of aerobic respiration

49
Q

In which type of cell is the cell wall made of cellulose?
A - plant cells only
B - bacterial cells only
C - both plant and bacterial cells
D - plant, fungal and bacterial cells

A

Answer B

plant cells only

50
Q

Give the name of the circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and is used in genetic engineering or modification

51
Q

Name the membrane-bound sac containing cell sap in plant and fungal cells

52
Q

Name the cell structure that protects and supports plant, fungal and bacterial cells

53
Q

Definition of cell

54
Q

Definition of tissue

55
Q

Definition of organ

56
Q

Definition of system

57
Q

Definition of unicellular organism

58
Q

Definition of multi-cellular organism

59
Q

Definition of organelle

60
Q

What is meant by the term ‘ultra structure of a cell’?

61
Q

What is

bacteria and bacterium?

62
Q

what is

fungal and fungi?

63
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

64
Q

What is the function of a plasmid?

65
Q

What is the function of the chromosome(s)?

66
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

67
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

68
Q

What is the function of the ribosome?

69
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

70
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

71
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

72
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?