Cell structure - Cell Ultrastructure and Cell Wall Flashcards
What is the function of a plasmid?
It contains genetic material
Plasmids are only found in bacterial cells.
What type of cell has a cell wall made from cellulose?
A plant cell.
Bacterium and fungal cells have cell walls but they are not made from cellulose.
Where do most of the chemical reactions take place in a cell?
The Cytoplasm
Animal, plant, bacterium and fungal cells all contain a cytoplasm.
This is an animal cell. Name the structures (organelles) labelled
X and Y and describe their function.
X - nucleus
Contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls all the activities of the cell.
Y - cytoplasm
a gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions of a cell take place
What is the function of the cell membrane
-holds the cell together
- controls what substances go in and out of the cell
(cell membrane is found in animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells).
This is an animal cell.
Name another subcellular structure (organelle) other than nucleus and cytoplasm, that can be found in an animal cell that is not shown in the diagram?
Mitochondria - where most of the reactions for respiration take place
Ribosomes - where protein synthesis occurs
Give three reasons why this cell could not represent a plant cell?
Doesn’t have chloroplast, cell wall or a vacuole.
All of these are needed in a plant cell.
The is a bacterium cell
Name the structures labelled A B and C, and describe their functions.
A - Chromosome / chromosomal DNA
One long circular chromosome. It controls the cells’ activities and replication.
B - Cell Wall
Provides structural support.
In a bacterium the cell wall is made from a different substance to cell wall in plant and fungal cells
C- Plasmid
Small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance and can be passed between bacteria.
Bacterial cells are much smaller than animal cells. Describe six differences between bacterial and animal cells.
Bacterial cells
- lack organelles
- do not have a nucleus
- DNA floats free in the cytoplasm
- contain plasmids
- do not contain mitochondria
- have a cell wall
This is a plant cell.
What is the name of the organelle labelled J and describe it’s function.
Nucleus - it contains the genetic material and controls the activities of the cell
This is a plant cell.
What is the name of the organelle labelled K and describe it’s function.
Ribosomes - where protein synthesis occurs
Name one organelle found in plant cells that is not found in animal, bacterial or fungal cells.
Chloroplasts
This is a fungal cell
What name is given to the structure labelled?
Vacuole
This is a fungal cell
Give two functions of the structure labelled Z
Vacuole
- maintaining the cell pH
- storing small molecules
This is a fungal cell
Identify one unlabelled structure shown in the diagram which is not found in animal cells.
cell wall
The Diagram shows some structures present in a mesophyll cell from a green plant. Which line in the table identifies correctly the structure in the cell that carry out photosynthesis and contain genetic information?
The structure (organelle) labelled 4 is the choloroplasts which is required for photosynthesis.
The structure (organelle) labelled 3 is the nucleus which contains the genetic information and therefore responsible for the cells activities
Diagram shows some structures present in a fungal cell.
Which line in the table identifies correctly the site of aerobic respiration and the structure that provides support for the cell?
D
structure 1 is the mitochondria - the site of aerobic respiration in a cell
structure 3 is the cell wall - gives support and structure to the cell
The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.
Give evidence from the diagram that suggests that this cell can carry out photosynthesis
The presence of chloroplasts tell us that the cell can carry out photosynthesis.
chloroplasts - the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.
Give the function of structure P
Mitochondria
- site of aerobic respiration with a cell (production of ATP)
The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.
Name structure Q
Ribosomes
- where protein synthesis takes place in a cell
Animal, plant, bacterial and fungal cells all have ribosomes
The diagram represents a cell from a green plant.
Give one structural difference that would be expected between this cell and a fungal cell
cell wall - both plant and fungal cells have a cell wall but in plants it is made of cellulose and in fungal cells it is chitin (so cell wall is composed of different substances)
Fungal cells don’t have chloroplasts
Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.
Name structure A (1)
Nucleus
Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.
Give the function of a chloroplast (1)
site of photosynthesis
Euglena is a single celled organism found in water. The diagram shows some of the structures within Euglena.
Suggest why Euglena is not a typical plant cell (1)
It has no cell wall, no vacuole and no mitochondria
Answer B
J - cell membrane
M - nucleus
(i) Cell membrane
ribosome
cytoplasm
(ii) cellulose
Palisade mesophyll cells are found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis. The diagram shows a layer of these cells viewed under a microscope.
Name structure P (1)
Cell wall
(note if you were just to give ‘wall’ as the answer you would not get the mark)
Palisade mesophyll cells are found in leaves and carry out photosynthesis. The diagram shows a layer of these cells viewed under a microscope.
Describe the difference that would be found in the ultrastructure of plant cells that do not carry out photosynthesis. (1)
They would not contain any chloroplasts
(Note you would not get the mark if you said “contains less chloroplasts OR don’t contain chlorophyl”)
The diagram shows a typical green plant cell and some of its structures.
Using a letter from the diagram, identify one structure that would also be found in an animal cell (1)
Y or Z
Y - cytoplasm
Z - mitochondria
The diagram shows a typical green plant cell and some of its structures.
Choose one structure labelled in the diagram and state its function.
W (chloroplast)— site of photosynthesis
X (cell wall) — gives structure/shape/support to the cell
Y (cytoplasm) — site of chemical reactions
Z (mitochondria) — site of aerobic respiration/ATP production
Answer is D
K - cytoplasm
L - cell wall
M - nucleus
The list gives four types of cells.
Bacteria, Fungus, Animal
and Plant
Cell membranes are found in all of these cell types. Describe the function of the cell membrane (1)
The cell membrane controls/allows entry/exit of materials/substances/molecules.
It controls what enters and leaves the cell.
The list gives four types of cells.
Bacteria, Fungus, Animal
and Plant
Name one other structure that is also present in all of these cells (1)
ribosome
cytoplasm
Chromosome
cell membrane
The diagram shows a typical animal cell and some of its structures.
Choose two of the structures labelled and state their functions (2)
Mitochondrion - site of aerobic respiration or releases energy/produces ATP.
Cytoplasm - site of chemical reactions.
Ribosome(s) - site of protein synthesis.
Cell membrane controls or allows entry/exit of materials/substances/
molecules or controls what enters/exits the cell
Answer is B
Cells P and Q both have a vacuole. Plant cells have vacuoles
Paramecium is a single-celled organism which lives in fresh water. The following diagram shows some of its structures.
Choose one of the structures and describe its function (1)
Cytoplasm – site of chemical reactions
Cell membrane – controls/allows/lets entry and/or exit/passage of materials/substances/
molecules or Controls what enters/exits
Nucleus – controls (all) cell activity/activities
Paramecium is a single-celled organism which lives in fresh water. The following diagram shows some of its structures.
Name the structure present in a plant cell which prevents it from bursting when full of water (1)
Cell wall - the purpose of the cell wall is to give strength, structure and support to the cell so that it can keep its shape
The diagram below shows parts of a plant cell.
Which part of this cell is composed of cellulose?
Answer B - the cell wall
Answer B
A group of students carried out an investigation into the variety of cell types.
The types of cell they examined are: animal, plant, fungal and bacterial
Identify the type(s) of cell which have a cell wall (1)
Plant, bacterial and fungal
(note you need to give all 3 types of cell to get the 1 mark)
A group of students carried out an investigation into the variety of cell types.
The types of cell they examined are: animal, plant, fungal and bacterial
Identify the type(s) of cell which have a plasmid (1)
Bacterial cells
Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A - nucleus
B - cell wall
C - cell membrane
D - ribosome
Answer B - the cell wall
The diagram shows parts of a plant cell. In which part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?
Answer C - the chloroplasts
Name the organelle that is the site of photosynthesis
Chloroplasts (labelled C in the diagram)
Give the name of the jelly-like substance that contains the cell organelles and is the site of many chemical reactions
cytoplasm
Name the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production in cells
Mitochondria
It is important that you can identify cell types and their structures using a 3-D diagram like this one.
what type of cell it is?
plant cell
The diagram shows the structures present in a fungal cell. What is the function of structure X?
A - controls al the cell’s activities
B - is the site of protein synthesis
C - is the site of aerobic respiration
D - is the site of photosynthesis
Answer C
Mitochondria is the cell structure which is the site of aerobic respiration
In which type of cell is the cell wall made of cellulose?
A - plant cells only
B - bacterial cells only
C - both plant and bacterial cells
D - plant, fungal and bacterial cells
Answer B
plant cells only
Give the name of the circular genetic material present in bacterial cells and is used in genetic engineering or modification
Plasmid
Name the membrane-bound sac containing cell sap in plant and fungal cells
Vacuole
Name the cell structure that protects and supports plant, fungal and bacterial cells
Cell wall
Definition of cell
Definition of tissue
Definition of organ
Definition of system
Definition of unicellular organism
Definition of multi-cellular organism
Definition of organelle
What is meant by the term ‘ultra structure of a cell’?
What is
bacteria and bacterium?
what is
fungal and fungi?
What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of a plasmid?
What is the function of the chromosome(s)?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
What is the function of the ribosome?
What is the function of the mitochondria?
What is the function of the cell wall?
What is the function of the vacuole?
What is the function of chloroplasts?