Cell Structure and Transport

Question 1

What are the two different types of cells?

Answer 1

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 2

Early light microscopes?

Answer 2

Use light and lenses, have magnifications of x100, to x2000

Question 3

Electron microscopes?

Answer 3

Modern, use beam of electrons, magnifications of up to x2,000,000

Question 4

Magnification

Answer 4

How much bigger an image appears then the real object

Question 5

Equation for magnification

Answer 5

Size of image/Size of object

Question 6

Resolving power?

Answer 6

Smallest size microscope can show

Question 7

Photosynthesis?

Answer 7

Reaction plants use to make glucose from light, water, carbon dioxide

Question 8

Specialise animal cells?

Answer 8

Sperm: tail to swim
Nerve: carry electrical impulses
Muscle: contract and relax

Question 9

Specialised plant cells?

Answer 9

Root hair: absorb water and ions
Xylem: carry water and minerals
Phloem: carry glucose to cells

Question 10

Diffusion?

Answer 10

Particles spreading out in a gas/liquid from high to low concentration

Question 11

Factors affecting Diffusion?

Answer 11

Concentration gradient, temperature, surface area

Question 12

Osmosis?

Answer 12

Diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane, from dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

Question 13

Active transport?

Answer 13

Moves substances from low to high concentration, needs energy

Question 14

Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Have genetic material in a nucleus

Question 15

Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 15

No nucleus

Question 16

Cell wall?

Answer 16

Made of cellulose, supports cell

Question 17

Cell membrane?

Answer 17

Controls movement in and out of cell

Question 18

Ribosomes?

Answer 18

Makes protein by protein synthesis

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

Controls the cell, contains genes

Question 20

Vacuole

Answer 20

Sack filled with sap, keeps cell rigid

Question 21

Cytoplasm?

Answer 21

Where chemical reactions happen

Question 22

Mitochondria?

Answer 22

Perform respiration to release energy

Question 23

Chloroplast?

Answer 23

Green and full of chlorophyll

Question 24

Chlorophyll?

Answer 24

Absorbs light for photosynthesis

Question 25

Unicellular

Answer 25

Describes organisms formed of only one cell, like all prokaryotic

Question 26

Multicellular

Answer 26

Organisms made of many cells

Question 27

Differentiation

Answer 27

Process of becoming a specialised cell, result of differentiation of stem cells

Question 28

Stem cells

Answer 28

Undifferentiated cells, capable of forming many cells

Question 29

Embryo

Answer 29

Very young multicellular organism

Question 30

Cell cyle

Answer 30

Stages where cells divide to make new cells, DNA replicated, and cell splits by mitosis into two cells, with one set of DNA each

Question 31

Mitosis

Answer 31

Specific part of the cell cyle where the cell divides to make two new identical cells