Cell structure and transport

Question 1

Name 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of using a light microscope.

Answer 1

Advantages: cheap/ can be used anywhere/ can magnify live specimens.

Disadvantages: poor resolution at high magnification.

Question 2

Name 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of using electron microscopes.

Answer 2

Advantages: higher magnification/ higher resolution (than light microscopes)

Disadvantages: expensive/ only dead specimen can be used/ lots of training required to use them/ large and so not portable.

Question 3

How do you calculate magnification?
Clue: x

Answer 3

magnification of the eyepiece lens x magnification of objective lens

Question 4

How do you calculate the size of an object under a microscope? (equation)

Answer 4

I
A M

I= image size
A= actual size (of object)
M= magnification

Question 5

What is resolving power when talking about microscopes?

Answer 5

It’s ability to differentiate two lines or points in an object.

Question 6

How much magnification and resolving power do light microscopes have?

Answer 6

Magnification = x2000
Resolving power = 200nm

Question 7

How much magnification and resolving power do electron microscopes have?

Answer 7

Magnification = x2 000 000
Resolving power = 0.2nm

Question 8

List the 5 sub-cellular structures that both Animal and Plant cells have.

Answer 8

1. Nucleus (genetic info)
2. Cytoplasm (chemical reactions)
3. Cell membrane (controls what exits + enters)
4. Mitochondria (aerobic respiration)
5. Ribosomes (protein synthesis)

Question 9

What are the extra 3 sub- cellular structures that plant cells contain?

Answer 9

• Cell wall (cellulose)
• Chloroplasts (chlorophyll)
• Permanent vacuole (cell sap)

Question 10

Which cell, Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic contains a nucleus?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Way to remeber:
PROkaryotic cells are PRO, being different.

Question 11

Where is the genetic material stored in Prokaryotic cells?

Answer 11

It’s stored in the cytoplasm (not a nucleus as it doesn’t even have a nucleus!!!)

The genetic material in prokaryotic cells are a single loop of DNA

Question 12

Name 2 examples of Prokaryotic cells.

Answer 12

Bacteria/ algae

Question 13

Name 2 examples of Eukaryotic cells.

Answer 13

animals, plants, fungi, protists

Question 14

Are Eukaryotic cells multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 14

multicellular

Question 15

Are prokaryotes multicellular or unicellular?

Answer 15

unicellular

Question 16

Choose the correct word to complete this sentence…

Eukaryotic/ Prokaryotic cells sometimes have flagella’s which help them move around.

Answer 16

Prokaryotic

Question 17

What 2 things do Prokaryotic cells have, that Eukaryotic cells don’t?

Answer 17

• plasmids
• cell wall

Question 18

Complete the following sentence below using the word bank.

Eukaryotic - Prokaryotic - Animal - plant

______ cells are much smaller than ______ cells.

Answer 18

Prokaryotic , Eukaryotic

Question 19

True / False
If false, explain why.

Prokaryotic cells consist of cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

As an organism develops, cells ________ to form different types of cells.

Answer 20

differentiate

Question 21

3 examples of specialised animal cells

Answer 21

• nerve cells
• muscle cells
• sperm cells

Question 22

1 a) Name one adaption for a NERVE cell
b) describe how this adaption helps the cell carry out its function

Answer 22

• lots of dendrites (to make connections to other nerve cells)
• an axon (carries the nerve impulse from one place to another)
• the nerve endings - synapses- (pass the impulses to another cell using special transmitter cells (contain lost of mitochondria to provide the energy needed to make the transmitter cells)

Question 23

2 a) name one adaption for a muscle cell

b) describe how this adaption helps the cell to carry out its function

Answer 23

• special proteins that slide over each other (fibres contract)
• many mitochondria (transfer energy needed for chemical reactions that take place as the cells contract and relax)
• store glycogen (used in cellular respiration by mitochondria) (to transfer the energy needed for the fibres to contract)

Question 24

3 a) name one adaption for a sperm cell
b) describe how this adaption helps the cell carry out its function

Answer 24

• long tail (helps to move through female reproductive system)
• mitochondria (energy needed for tail to work)
• acrosome (store digestive enzymes for breaking down the outer layers of egg)
• large nucleus (genetic material)