Cell structure and transport Flashcards
Name 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of using a light microscope.
Advantages: cheap/ can be used anywhere/ can magnify live specimens.
Disadvantages: poor resolution at high magnification.
Name 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of using electron microscopes.
Advantages: higher magnification/ higher resolution (than light microscopes)
Disadvantages: expensive/ only dead specimen can be used/ lots of training required to use them/ large and so not portable.
How do you calculate magnification?
Clue: x
magnification of the eyepiece lens x magnification of objective lens
How do you calculate the size of an object under a microscope? (equation)
I
A M
I= image size
A= actual size (of object)
M= magnification
What is resolving power when talking about microscopes?
It’s ability to differentiate two lines or points in an object.
How much magnification and resolving power do light microscopes have?
Magnification = x2000
Resolving power = 200nm
How much magnification and resolving power do electron microscopes have?
Magnification = x2 000 000
Resolving power = 0.2nm
List the 5 sub-cellular structures that both Animal and Plant cells have.
- Nucleus (genetic info)
- Cytoplasm (chemical reactions)
- Cell membrane (controls what exits + enters)
- Mitochondria (aerobic respiration)
- Ribosomes (protein synthesis)
What are the extra 3 sub- cellular structures that plant cells contain?
• Cell wall (cellulose)
• Chloroplasts (chlorophyll)
• Permanent vacuole (cell sap)
Which cell, Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic contains a nucleus?
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
Way to remeber:
PROkaryotic cells are PRO, being different.
Where is the genetic material stored in Prokaryotic cells?
It’s stored in the cytoplasm (not a nucleus as it doesn’t even have a nucleus!!!)
The genetic material in prokaryotic cells are a single loop of DNA
Name 2 examples of Prokaryotic cells.
Bacteria/ algae
Name 2 examples of Eukaryotic cells.
animals, plants, fungi, protists
Are Eukaryotic cells multicellular or unicellular?
multicellular
Are prokaryotes multicellular or unicellular?
unicellular
Choose the correct word to complete this sentence…
Eukaryotic/ Prokaryotic cells sometimes have flagella’s which help them move around.
Prokaryotic
What 2 things do Prokaryotic cells have, that Eukaryotic cells don’t?
• plasmids
• cell wall
Complete the following sentence below using the word bank.
Eukaryotic - Prokaryotic - Animal - plant
______ cells are much smaller than ______ cells.
Prokaryotic , Eukaryotic
True / False
If false, explain why.
Prokaryotic cells consist of cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.
True
As an organism develops, cells ________ to form different types of cells.
differentiate
3 examples of specialised animal cells
• nerve cells
• muscle cells
• sperm cells
1 a) Name one adaption for a NERVE cell
b) describe how this adaption helps the cell carry out its function
• lots of dendrites (to make connections to other nerve cells)
• an axon (carries the nerve impulse from one place to another)
• the nerve endings - synapses- (pass the impulses to another cell using special transmitter cells (contain lost of mitochondria to provide the energy needed to make the transmitter cells)
2 a) name one adaption for a muscle cell
b) describe how this adaption helps the cell to carry out its function
• special proteins that slide over each other (fibres contract)
• many mitochondria (transfer energy needed for chemical reactions that take place as the cells contract and relax)
• store glycogen (used in cellular respiration by mitochondria) (to transfer the energy needed for the fibres to contract)
3 a) name one adaption for a sperm cell
b) describe how this adaption helps the cell carry out its function
• long tail (helps to move through female reproductive system)
• mitochondria (energy needed for tail to work)
• acrosome (store digestive enzymes for breaking down the outer layers of egg)
• large nucleus (genetic material)
